en Physical Medecine& Rehabilitaion Physical Medecine& Rehabilitaion Systematic Review <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Aging is an inseparable part of life, accompanied by mild to severe cognitive disorders. This study aimed to investigate the influence of balance-based interventions on cognitive function in older adults, encompassing both healthy individuals and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods: </b>A systematic review was conducted by searching multiple databases up to April 2023, and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist was followed for reporting. Sixteen studies, comprising 1148 participants aged 43 to 89 years, were analyzed. Balance exercises were administered 1 to 3 times per week, lasting 30 to 60 minutes per session. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. A meta-analysis was conducted for executive functions (Stroop Test) and complex attention (Trail-Making Test, TMT A&B), while other outcomes underwent qualitative analysis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> Qualitative analysis revealed positive effects on specific executive functions and complex attention aspects. However, the meta-analysis did not show significant differences in scores between balance training and control groups, which included healthy adults receiving nonbalance interventions or no intervention.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Conclusion:</b> Limited research and methodological constraints hinder conclusive findings on balance-based interventions for older adults&#39; cognitive functions. Yet, these interventions show the potential to enhance executive function and complex attention, emphasizing the need for further research in disability and rehabilitation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Aging, Elderly, Balance, Equilibrium, Cognition, Executive function 797 811 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4058-8&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahtab Azhdar Azhdar@gmail.com 200319475328460089586 200319475328460089586 No Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alieh Daryabor پریا پرچینی aliyehdaryabor@gmail.com 200319475328460089587 200319475328460089587 No Physiotherapy Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran دانشگاه آلبرتا کانادا Pariya Parchini pariya.prch@gmail.com 200319475328460089588 200319475328460089588 No Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Marzieh Pashmdarfard Mpashmdarfard@sbmu.ac.ir 200319475328460089589 200319475328460089589 Yes Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran