en Anesthesia Anesthesia Original Research Original Research <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Behavioral problems in children contribute significantly to non-compliance and lack of cooperation with dentists.This study aimed to assess the impact of parenting styles on the success of conscious sedation with midazolam in uncooperative children aged 4 to 6 years.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods:</b> This short-term longitudinal study included ninety-six children aged 4-6 years who were classified as uncooperative according to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale (Frankl I, II), requiring pulp treatment and Stainless-Steel Crown (SSC) restoration. Midazolam was orally administered at 0.25 mg/kg. Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Children&#39;s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Treatment began at least thirty minutes post-drug administration. Vital signs were monitored using a pulse oximeter. Sedation effectiveness was assessed with the Houpt scale at local anesthesia injection (T0), cavity preparation (T1), restoration (T2), and treatment conclusion (T3). Statistical analysis used Mann-Whitney U test (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> < 0.05).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Results:</b> Most parents (69, 71.9%) had an authoritative parenting style, while 10 (10.4%) were authoritarian, and 17 (17.7%) were permissive. Authoritative parenting is associated significantly with sedation success (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.001) and reduced dental fear (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.008). Conversely, authoritarian (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.031) and permissive (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.001) parenting styles are associated with sedation failure. Authoritarian parenting is associated positively with increased dental fear (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.001). No significant association was found between permissive parenting style and dental fear (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> > 0.05). No significant association existed between behavioral problems and parenting styles (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> > 0.05). There was no significant association observed between permissive parenting style and dental fear (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.279). Similarly, no significant associations were found between behavioral problems and specific parenting styles: authoritative (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">= 0.625), authoritarian (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.050), and permissive (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.522).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Conclusion: </b>Understanding parenting styles aids in predicting conscious sedation success with midazolam and assisting in managing uncooperative children during dental procedures.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Parenting, Conscious Sedation, Midazolam, Pediatric Dentistry 609 615 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4998-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Matine Gharavi matine.gharavi@gmail.com 200319475328460089448 200319475328460089448 No Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Katayoun Salem k.salem@iautmu.ac.ir 200319475328460089449 200319475328460089449 Yes Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Elham Shirazi shirazi.e@iums.ac.ir 200319475328460089450 200319475328460089450 No Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran