en Gynecology & Obstetrics Gynecology & Obstetrics Original Research Original Research <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;</b><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp; Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death among gynecological cancers. The prognosis depends mainly on the diagnosis stage. Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle wasting, significantly impacts cancer prognosis. This study aimed to examine the importance of the psoas muscle index in predicting outcomes for ovarian cancer patients.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 73 patients treated between 2011 and 2021 at Akbarabadi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital and Rasool-Akram General Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The psoas muscle index was calculated from the sectional area of the psoas muscle at the third lumbar vertebra using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Data collection included demographic information, cancer stage, pathology, and treatment outcomes. Statistical analyses, including logistic and Cox regressions, evaluated the association between the psoas muscle index and patient outcomes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Results: </b>The psoas muscle index was significantly higher in patients without treatment failure (173 &plusmn; 28.94) compared with those with treatment failure (149.75 &plusmn; 20.39) (</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis indicated that an increased psoas muscle index was an independent predictor for better survival outcomes (odds ratio [OR], 0.891 [95% CI, 0.786-1.01]). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">The findings highlight the importance of sarcopenia in the prognosis of ovarian cancer. This study supports the potential of the psoas muscle index as a noninvasive and accessible prognostic tool in clinical practice.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Ovarian Cancer, Psoas Muscle Index, Prognosis, Cancer Survival 9 14 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8956-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahdiss Mohamadianamiri amiri_mahdis@yahoo.com 200319475328460088022 200319475328460088022 No Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Shahid Akbarabadi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Babaei doctorreza2012@yahoo.com 200319475328460088023 200319475328460088023 No Department of Interventional Radiology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arash Mohazzab amoohazzab@yahoo.com 200319475328460088024 200319475328460088024 No Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fahimeh Zeinalkhani f_zeinalkhani@yahoo.com 200319475328460088025 200319475328460088025 No Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Peyman Kamali Hakim peyman_kamali_hakim@yahoo.com 200319475328460088026 0009-0000-9529-9081 No Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran Somayeh Ebadi Soflo s.ebadi198612@gmail.com 200319475328460088027 0009-0000-2565-6469 No Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Shahid Akbarabadi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Jayervand jayervandfatemeh@gmail.com 200319475328460088028 0009-0009-4303-3981 No Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Shahid Akbarabadi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Noroozi maryam.noroozi@gmail.com 200319475328460088029 0009-0003-2007-4314 Yes 15Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Shahid Akbarabadi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran