Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic Of Iran

en Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and the Risk of Ovarian, Endometrial, and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Gynecology & Obstetrics Gynecology & Obstetrics Meta-analysis Article     Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women that may be associated with an increased risk of various cancers. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the relationship between PCOS and the risk of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers.    Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase (Elsevier), covering the period from 1983 to November 2023. The review included cohort studies (both retrospective and prospective) and case-control studies. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for nonrandomized studies. Data analysis was conducted with Stata 17.    Results: Our meta-analysis reviewed 13 studies on the association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and endometrial cancer, revealing a combined Relative Risk (RR) of 2.91 (95% CI: 2.29 – 3.70; I²: 61.97%; P < 0.001), indicating a significantly increased risk of endometrial cancer among women with PCOS. For breast cancer, the pooled RR from the studies was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.97-1.22; I²: 55.81%; P = 0.012), suggesting a modestly elevated risk. In the case of ovarian cancer, seven studies contributed to the analysis, resulting in a combined RR of 1.52 (95% CI: 1.17-1.97; I²: 49.22%; P = 0.072). This finding indicates a moderate increase in risk for ovarian cancer in women with PCOS. These results collectively point to an elevated risk of endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancers in women with PCOS, although the magnitude of risk varies among different types of cancer.    Conclusion: This meta-analysis supports an elevated risk of endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancers in women with PCOS. These findings highlight the need for increased surveillance and preventive measures for women with PCOS to mitigate their cancer risk. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these associations and explore underlying mechanisms.   Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Ovarian Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Breast Cancer, Meta-Analysis, Evidence Synthesis 393 406 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-9071-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Faezeh Ghaempanah fghpanah@gmail.com 200319475328460090689 200319475328460090689 No Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj, Iran Seyedeh Naghmeh Sarabi naghmehsarabi@yahoo.com 200319475328460090690 0003-0001-7820-3190 No Department of Infertility, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyedeh Neshat Sarabi neshatsarabi@yahoo.com 200319475328460090691 200319475328460090691 No Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj, Iran Saeedeh Gharahjeh dr.gharahgeh_1388@yahoo.com 200319475328460090692 200319475328460090692 No Department of Infertility, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kosar Jamali Kosarjamali618@gmail.com 200319475328460090693 200319475328460090693 No Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj, Iran Sana Ahmadi S.ahmadi.muk@gmail.com 200319475328460090694 200319475328460090694 No Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj, Iran Zahra Najmi zahranaj@yahoo.com 200319475328460090695 200319475328460090695 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Seyede Razieh Ghaffari raziehghaffari13851398@gmail.com 200319475328460090696 0009-0004-9475-4336 Yes Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran