en Preventive Medicine & Community Health Preventive Medicine & Community Health Review Article Review Article <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases present critical challenges to global public health, resulting in increased mortality rates and substantial economic burdens on healthcare systems. This comprehensive review examines primary healthcare initiatives designed to combat emerging and re-emerging diseases across diverse populations. The objective is to analyze the healthcare system&#39;s experiences and derive key lessons that can enhance future responses. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods: </b>A comprehensive search of international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, was conducted, with data extraction based on the World Health Organization&#39;s (WHO) 6-building block framework for health system strengthening. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal"> A total of 57 studies were included in the final analysis. Six major themes emerged from the review: (1) the necessity for coordinated national and international efforts, as well as the cultivation of public trust; (2) the need for innovation and optimal utilization of existing resources to improve community health services and safety; (3) ensuring psychological and financial support for healthcare personnel; (4) maintaining adequate reserves and timely access to essential medications, treatments, and protective equipment; (5) the importance of updated, reliable communication systems to disseminate information effectively; and (6) securing sustainable financial resources for medical supplies, protective equipment, and staff remuneration. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings underscore the vital importance of learning from past pandemics to strengthen healthcare systems and enhance preparedness at both national and global levels, especially in light of the growing prevalence of infectious diseases. This review offers a roadmap for improving primary healthcare responses to future public health crises.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Emerging, Re-emerging, PHC, Epidemics 602 643 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-9169-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Farhad Sattar Mohammed farhadsattar1400@gmail.com 200319475328460093176 200319475328460093176 No Department of Health Care Management, School of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Kaveh BahmanPour kaveh.hpt.bahmanpour@gmail.com 200319475328460093177 200319475328460093177 Yes Department of Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Sina Valiee svaliee@gmail.com 200319475328460093178 200319475328460093178 No Clinical Care Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Adel Fatemi a_fatemi@yahoo.com 200319475328460093179 200319475328460093179 No Department of Statistics, School of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran