Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic Of Iran

en Relation between Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Molecular Markers in Patients with Newly Diagnosed versus Established Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study Radiology Radiology Original Research Original Research Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic condition associated with early vascular complications. Identifying relevant biomarkers early in the disease course may facilitate better risk stratification and management.   This study aimed to assess serum levels of Growth Factor Receptor-Bound Protein-2 (GRB2), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with early versus established T2DM.     Methods: This retrospective study included 140 patients with T2DM (70 newly diagnosed and untreated, 70 with established disease, and 70 healthy controls). GRB2, AGEs, and CIMT were measured and correlated with demographic and biochemical data. The Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows, version 20 (IBM, Chicago, USA), was used to statistically analyze the collected data.    Results:  GRB2, AGEs, and CIMT were significantly higher in both early and established T2DM compared to controls (P<0.001), and significantly higher in established compared to early T2DM (P<0.001). Mean GRB2 levels were 3.87±0.37 ng/dL (early), 4.33±0.57 ng/dL (established), and 3.01±0.46 ng/dL (controls). CIMT was 0.66±0.04 mm (early), 0.73±0.06 mm (established), and 0.60±0.05 mm (controls). GRB2 positively correlated with CIMT, AGEs, and glycemic indicators. Carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) ≤ 4.9 ng/mL yielded 100% sensitivity and specificity; methylglyoxal ≤ 3.5 ng/mL showed 88.57% sensitivity; CIMT ≤ 0.71 mm showed 85.71% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity; GRB2 ≤ 3.99 ng/dL had 71.43% sensitivity.    Conclusion: GRB2, AGEs, and CIMT levels increase with the progression of T2DM. These markers may aid in distinguishing early from established T2DM; however, further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate their prognostic and clinical relevance.   Diabetes Mellitus, Oxidative Stress, Advanced Glycation End Products, Growth Factor Receptor-Bound Protein-2, Carotid Intima Media Thickness 759 767 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-8757-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Osama I. Ramadan dr.osama784@yahoo.com 200319475328460092244 200319475328460092244 Yes Oral Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan Lashin S. Ali lashin.saad@yahoo.com 200319475328460092245 0009-0000-2152-7328 No Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan Randa M. Abobaker randaabobakre@gmail.com 200319475328460092246 200319475328460092246 No Maternal and child health nursing, North Private College of Nursing, KSA Hoda M. Flifel hoda85378@gmail.com 200319475328460092247 0009-0003-0691-5738 No Maternal and child health nursing, North Private College of Nursing, KSA Ahmed S. Abdelmonsef Aabdalmaksoud@imam.edu.sa 200319475328460092248 0009-0001-4847-223X No Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Osama M. Abdelhay Osama.m.m.AbdElHay@gmail.com 200319475328460092249 200319475328460092249 No Department of Medicine & Surgery, Vision Medical College, Jeddah, KSA Ahmed E. Moustafa Ahmed.ahmedelhoshy@gmail.com 200319475328460092250 0009-0004-6191-7418 No Medical Biochemistry Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt Sameer Alqassimi smalqassimi@jazanu.edu.sa 200319475328460092251 200319475328460092251 No Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, KSA Eman S. Albeltagy Eman.salah@azhar.edu.eg 200319475328460092252 200319475328460092252 No Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Husseini F. EL boraey husseinielboraey@gmail.com 200319475328460092253 0009-0000-1989-5375 No Diagnostic Radiology Department, Damietta faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt