Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic Of Iran

en Socio-ecological Factors Influencing Cybervictimization among Iranian Adolescents Health Health Original Research Original Research     Background: Cybervictimization among adolescents is a growing concern, particularly in non-Western contexts where empirical evidence remains limited. Guided by socioecological theory, this study aimed to examine how individual (i.e., gender, negative mood, loneliness), family (i.e., parental supervision, home belonging, parental education), peer (i.e., peer acceptance, peer rejection), and school-related factors (i.e., school victimization, school climate, educational level) are associated with cybervictimization among Iranian adolescents.    Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 592 students aged 13–18 from 36 classrooms across public and private secondary and high schools in Tabriz, Iran. Participants completed an online self-report questionnaire assessing cybervictimization and associated predictors. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine both bivariate and multiple associations.    Results: Nearly half of the students reported experiencing cybervictimization (46.8%). High school students (P = 0.002), those exposed to school victimization (P < 0.001), and those reporting negative mood symptoms (P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to be targeted. In contrast, students with a stronger sense of home belonging (P = 0.016) and greater parental supervision (P = 0.036) were significantly less likely to experience cybervictimization.    Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of addressing both school and home environments, as well as emotional well-being, in cybervictimization prevention efforts. Culturally responsive strategies involving schools, families, and mental health systems are recommended.   Cybervictimization, Adolescents, Risk Factors, Protective Factors, Socioecological Framework, Logistic Regression 1192 1198 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4704-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Somaiyeh Velayati Khajeh s.v.khajeh@gmail.com 200319475328460094407 200319475328460094407 No Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Homeira Sajjadi Ho.sajjadi@uswr.ac.ir Ho.sajjadi@uswr.ac.ir 200319475328460094408 200319475328460094408 Yes Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yahya Salimi salimiyahya@yahoo.com 200319475328460094409 200319475328460094409 No Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari z.jorjoranshushtari@bangor.ac.uk 200319475328460094410 200319475328460094410 No School of Health Sciences, Center for Mental Health and Society, Bangor University, UK