en Clinical Psychology Clinical Psychology Original Research Original Research <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;</b><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp; Background: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Cognitive impairment represents a significant global health challenge, necessitating early identification through reliable self-report questionnaires. The 26-item Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS-26) assesses subjective cognitive complaints but lacks validation in diverse linguistic contexts. In the present research, we systematically conducted the translation, cultural adaptation, and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the&nbsp; CDS-26 for the Persian-speaking elderly population in Iran.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Methods:</b> Utilizing a methodological, cross-sectional design, the CDS-26 was translated into Persian following the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) protocol, including forward/back translation, expert committee review, and pilot testing. Psychometric evaluation involved 138 community-dwelling elderly participants (age &ge;60 years). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">Construct validity was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the scale was determined by analyzing its internal consistency through Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha and evaluating temporal stability via the intraclass correlation coefficient in a subgroup of 30 participants.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Results:</b> Satisfactory face and content validity were confirmed (CVR &ge;0.62, overall CVI = 0.89). Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated excellent to good model fit (CFI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.066, SRMR = 0.063), supporting the scale&rsquo;s multidimensional structure. The full scale exhibited excellent internal consistency (&alpha;=0.954) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.993). While age, gender, education, and marital status were not significant predictors, economic status was a crucial determinant: higher income groups reported significantly lower CDS scores (medium income: &beta;=&ndash;7.97, </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">=0.005; high income: &beta;=&ndash;16.00, </span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">=0.018).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:13pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="font-style:italic"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="font-style:normal">&nbsp;&nbsp; <b>Conclusion:</b> The Persian CDS-26 is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate instrument for assessing subjective cognitive difficulties in Iranian elderly. This tool is valuable for early identification and monitoring cognitive health in clinical and community settings, highlighting the significant impact of socioeconomic factors on perceived cognitive function.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Cognitive Difficulties Scales, Questionnaire, Elderly, Validity, Reliability 1266 1272 http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-9764-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Parvin Dibajnia pdibaj@gmail.com 200319475328460094616 200319475328460094616 No School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farnaz Fathollahzadeh fathollahzadeh@sbmu.ac.ir 200319475328460094617 200319475328460094617 No 2. Department of Audiology, Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyede Zohre Mousavi mousavi.slp@gmail.com 200319475328460094618 200319475328460094618 Yes Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran