Showing 8 results for Hekmat
Samaneh Rashvand, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Bahram Rashidkhani, Azita Hekmatdoost,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is rising in populations with western-style diet, rich in fat and protein, and low in fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between dietary protein intakes and the risk of developing incident UC.
Methods : Sixty two cases of UC and 124 controls were studied using country-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Group comparisons by each factor were done using χ2 test, and significance level was set at α= 0.05. Logistic regression adjusted for potential confounding variables was carried out.
Results : Univariate analysis suggested positive associations between processed meat, red meat and organ meat with risk of ulcerative colitis. Comparing highest versus lowest categories of consumption, multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis accounting for potential confounding variables indicated that patients who consumed a higher amount of processed meat were at a higher risk for developing UC (P value for trend= 0.02). Similarly, patients who consumed higher amounts of red meat were at a higher risk for UC (P value for trend= 0.01). The highest tertile of intake of organ meat was associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis with a statistically significant trend across tertiles (P value for trend= 0.01) when adjusted.
Conclusion : In this case-control study we observed that higher consumptions of processed meat, red meat and organ meat were associated with increased risk for UC.
Reza Dehnavieh, Nadia Mirshekari, Sara Ghasemi, Reza Goudarzi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Mohammad Hossain Mehrolhassani, Zahra Moshkani, Somayeh Noori Hekmat,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: Every year millions of dollars are expended to equip and maintain the hospital sterilization centers, and our country is not an exception of this matter. According to this, it is important to use more effective technologies and methods in health system in order to reach more effectiveness and saving in costs. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the technology of regional sterilization centers.
Methods: This study was done in four steps. At the first step, safety and effectiveness of technology was studied via systematic study of evidence. The next step was done to evaluate the economical aspect of off-site sterilization technology using gathered data from systematic review of the texts which were related to the technology and costs of off-site and in-site hospital sterilization. Third step was conducted to collect experiences of using technology in some selected hospitals around the world. And in the last step different aspects of acceptance and use of this technology in Iran were evaluated.
Results: Review of the selected articles indicated that efficacy and effectiveness of this technology is Confirmed. The results also showed that using this method is not economical in Iran.
Conclusion: According to the revealed evidences and also cost analysis, due to shortage of necessary substructures and economical aspect, installing the off-site sterilization health technology in hospitals is not possible currently. But this method can be used to provide sterilization services for clinics and outpatients centers.
Fereshteh Eftekharizadeh, Reza Dehnavieh, Somayeh Noori Hekmat, Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: Super oxidized water (SOW), as a novel antiseptic solution, is used with claims of effectiveness and cost effectiveness in healing chronic wounds such as diabetic foot, infectious post-operative ulcers and burn ulcers. We conducted a health technology assessment to evaluate the clinical evidence from clinical and randomized trials for this disinfection. This study aims to evaluate the safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this technology in Iran, for using as a wound disinfectant.
Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted from October 2013 to March 2014 for the following medical databases: OVID MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and the PICO terms were included and then analyzed by Cochrane assessment criteria.
Results: Out of 705 articles, twelve potentially relevant trials were identified. Others that didn’t come with the PICO criteria were excluded. 5 randomized controlled trials, 5 clinical trials, a rapid HTA and a case series that had studied the effectiveness of super oxidized water on patients with different chronic wounds, were included. Most of these trials were assessing similar sets of outcomes as the Safety and Effect on Healing days to re-epithelization, healing rate, effect on Infection bacterial counts and infection rates.
Conclusion: Super oxidized water is a safe, effective and cost effective irrigation and cleansing agent due to the performed analysis in comparison with current treatment as povidone iodine for treating wound infections.
Hossein Navidinia, Majid Zare Bidaki, Nargess Hekmati,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: The spread of technology has influenced different aspects of human life, and teaching and learning are not exceptions. This study aimed to examine the potential contribution of the use of technology in teaching English language to medical students.
Methods: This qualitative-action research study was conducted in Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), with 60 medical students taking a general English course in the Fall Semester of 2015. The class favored different tools and multimedia facilities such as a tube channel, e-dictionaries, educational films, and e-textbooks to enhance students’ learning. In addition, the class had a weblog in which students could upload assignments and receive feedback from peers and the instructors.
Results: The results revealed that e-learning could enhance students’ language proficiency and facilitate the teaching process. Learners preferred to use more e-dictionaries to learn the meaning of the new words, watch English medical films to boost their speaking and listening skills, and use the electronic version of their textbook as they could carry it wherever they wanted.
Conclusion: The students preferred this method of learning English as they became more independent by using the electronic facilities. They found that learning English did not have a fixed institutionalized method, and e-learning activities could provide them with authentic input for language learning even outside of the classroom.
Ayoob Rastegar, Shahram Nazari, Ahmad Allahabadi, Farahnaz Falanji, Fakhreddin Akbari Dourbash, Zahra Rezai, Soudabeh Alizadeh Matboo, Reza Hekmat-Shoar, Seyed Mohsen Mohseni, Gharib Majidi,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background: Nanoscale poly (amidoamine) dendrimers have been investigated for their biological demands, but their antibacterial activity has not been widely discovered. Thus, the sixth generation of poly (amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM-G6) was synthesized and its antibacterial activities were evaluated on Gram-negative bacteria; P. aeruginosa, E. coli, A. baumannii, S. typhimurium, S. dysenteriae, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and Gram-positive bacteria, and S.aureus and B. subtilis, which were isolated from different clinical specimens and standard strains of these bacteria.
Methods: In this study, 980 specimens including urine (47%), blood (27%), sputum (13%), wounds (8%), and burns (5%) were collected from clinical specimens of 16 hospitals and clinics in city of Sabzevar, Iran. Then, the target bacteria were isolated and identified using standard methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentrations against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were determined according to guidelines described by clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). Standard discs were prepared using 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, and 25 μg/mL concentrations of PAMAM-G6 on Mueller-Hinton agar plates to determinate the zone of inhibition. The cytotoxicity of PAMAM-G6 dendrimer was evaluated in HCT116 cells by MTT assay.
Results: The most important isolated bacteria were E. coli (23.65%), S. aureus (24.7%), P. aeruginosa (10.49%), B. subtilis (7.7%), S. typhimurium (8.87%), A. baumannii (7.02%), K. pneumoniae (7.1%), P. mirabilis (6.46%), and S. dysenteriae (3.6%). Moreover, it was found that poly (amidoamine)–G6 exhibited more antibacterial efficacy on standard strains than isolated bacteria from clinical samples (p<0.05). The cytotoxicity of PAMAM-G6 to the cells showed that cytotoxicity depended on the concentration level and exposure time.
Conclusion: The PAMAM-G6 dendrimer showed a positive impact on the removal of dominant bacterial isolated from clinical specimens and standard strains.
Hassan Hashemi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Mohammad Haji-Aghajani, Ghasem Janbabaee, Ali Maher, Somayeh Noori Hekmat, Amir M. Javadi, Rohaneh Rahimisadegh, Samira Emadi, Mahamad Reza Rajabalipour, Hajar Haghighi, Reza Dehnavieh, Masoud Ferdosi, Gholamreza Khademi, Mohammad Hossein Mehralhasani, Asma Sabermahani, Kaveh Nouhi Bezanjani, Abedin Iranpour, Hamidreza Rashidi Nejad, Fatemeh Moeen Samadani, Maryam Maki, Behzad Kalantari, Nahid Farrokhyar, Hamed Rouhanizadeh, Monireh Falakbaz, Hamid Allahyari, Mohammad Taghi Fathalian, Ali Reza Khajehmirzaei, Ali Jannati, Javad Derakhshani, Ali Rezapour, Jamal Eftekhari, Parisa Khaterneshanian Fam, Mahmoud Kazemi, Mohsen Mohammadi, Payam Rastbin, Bahareh Pirhayati, Elahe Souri, Amin Torabipour, Mohammad Keshvari,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (2-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Hospital beds, human resources, and medical equipment are the costliest elements in the health system and play an essential role at the time of treatment. In this paper, different phases of the NEDA 2026 project and its methodological approach were presented and its formulation process was analysed using the Kingdon model of policymaking.
Methods: Iran Health Roadmap (NEDA 2026) project started in March 2016 and ended in March 2017. The main components of this project were hospital beds, clinical human resources, specialist personnel, capital medical equipment, laboratory facilities, emergency services, and service delivery model. Kingdon model of policymaking was used to evaluate NEDA 2026 development and implementation. In this study, all activities to accomplish each step in the Kingdon model was described.
Results: The followings were done to accomplish the goals of each step: collecting experts’ viewpoint (problem identification and definition), systematic review of the literature, analysis of previous experiences, stakeholder analysis, economic analysis, and feasibility study (solution appropriateness analysis), three-round Delphi survey (policy survey and scrutinization), and intersectoral and interasectoral agreement (policy legislation).
Conclusion: In the provision of an efficient health service, various components affect each other and the desired outcome, so they need to be considered as parts of an integrated system in developing a roadmap for the health system. Thus, this study demonstrated the cooperation process at different levels of Iran’s health system to formulate a roadmap to provide the necessary resources for the health sector for the next 10 years and to ensure its feasibility using the Kingdon policy framework.
Masoumeh Mohamadi, Azadeh Goodarzi, Armin Aryannejad, Nima Fattahi, Mahtab Alizadeh-Khoei, Shahnaz Miri, Hamidreza Hekmat, Moloud Payab, Mohammad Bodaghabadi,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly individuals (with the chronological age of 65 years and above) are more susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 infection complications due to altered immune system response and the higher rate of underlying comorbidities. A vast majority of mortalities are reported in elderly patients; thus, this study aimed to evaluate complications of COVID-19 in elderly patients.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to MOOSE guidelines. Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed databases were searched for published articles related to COVID-19 in the elderly up to March 26, 2020. Search MeSh terms included "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", "2019-nCoV", "SARS-CoV-2", "comorbidity", "elderly", and "geriatrics".
Results: In total 1360 potentially relevant articles were screened, of which 35 were relevant and their full texts were considered for the review. Organ damages to the pulmonary system, cardiovascular, liver, and renal system are more prevalent in the elderly with SARS-CoV-2 infection. As the chance of multiorgan involvement is more common among elderly patients, preventive, multidisciplinary, and holistic evaluations are essential to reduce disease consequences.
Conclusion: More attention needs to be paid to elderly individuals in the quarantine. Social contact should be made and maintained through online facilities, media, and phone calls to ensure patients’ mental health during this stressful situation. Also, they should be provided with enough food and medications by their families or friends. Also, providing social and volunteer services might play an important role in the mental health of those patients who have no social network.
Rohaneh Rahimisadegh, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Samira Emadi, Somayeh Noori Hekmat,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: The health sector evolution plan was implemented in 2014 in government hospitals across the country as a part of the universal health coverage achievement programs. This study assessed the performance of hospitals before and after the implementation of this plan, using the Pabon Lasso model.
Methods: The population of this study consisted of the hospitals of the country in the 2013-2015 time frame; overall, 874 hospitals (94.5% of the population) were included in the study. In order to assess performance, we used the Pabon Lasso model and hospital performance indicators (Average Length of Stay, Bed Turnover, and Bed Occupancy Rate). The data were collected from the Hospital Information System and provincial deputies of curative affairs and were then analyzed using the descriptive indicators of mean, frequency, and median in SPSS 22. Also, Paired Student T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the performance of different groups of hospitals before and after the implementation of the health sector evolution plan.
Results: The implementation of the health sector evolution plan has led to a significant improvement in the three performance indicators in the hospitals of the country. Before the implementation of the health sector evolution plan, the most inefficient, inefficient, fairly efficient, and most efficient zones included 31%, 18%, 17%, and 33% of the studied hospitals, respectively. However, the implementation of the health sector evolution plan changed the percentages to 29%, 21%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Teaching hospitals, which are governmental and are mostly located in capital cities of the provinces, were overall more inefficient than non-teaching hospitals.
Conclusion: The number of the most efficient and most inefficient hospitals has decreased, and the number of average performance hospitals has increased after the implementation of the health sector evolution plan. Therefore, the health sector evolution plan has not led to an overall increase or decrease in the performance of hospitals but has reduced the difference in the performance of hospitals. Equal support of government hospitals along with financial protection against health expenses, improves the performance indicators of hospitals and reduces performance differences among them.
