Showing 8 results for Javani
Manoochehr Nakhjavani, Mohammad Hasan Bastanhagh, Reza Kassayan, Radina Eshtiaghi, Afsar Asadi, Mohammad Rajai,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (11-1993)
Abstract
We studied the clinical, radioisotopic, and pathologic characteristics and the
incidence of cancer in clinically solitary cold nodules of the thyroid in an iodinedeficient
area. The study included retrospective analysis of 765 patients who
underwent thyroidectomy for a clinically single cold nodule in a ten-year period. We
compared the pathological findings with clinical data. In pathological examination,
34% of glands were multinodular. The incidence of nodular colloid goiters were
81.7% and of thyroid cancer 10.2%. Thyroid malignancy increased significantly
after age thirty (p<0.005). The incidence of cancer was 8.3% in true solitary nodules
versus 13.8% in clinically solitary nodules found to be pathologically multinodular
(p<0.05). Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent type (70.5%) and medullary
carcinoma the least frequent type (2.6%). Benign nodular lesions were the most
common cause of cold nodules. There was no sex difference in the incidence of
thyroid cancer. In the patients with thyroid carcinoma the percentage of multinodular
glands was higher. Iodine deficiency may be a factor in changing certain characteristics
of thyroid nodules.
Farrokh A. Nakhdjavani, Nasrin Moazami, Hassan Lamea,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (8-1996)
Abstract
71 samples of milk and dairy products were collected from 18 cities throughout
Iran. 93 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and assayed against four
opportunistic patho gens including E. coli, proteus and klebsiella as gram-negative
and S. aureus as a gram-positive organism. All indicators (organisms) were
hospital strains. Among isolated bacteria, lactobacilli (37 isolates) had stronger
activity against gram-negative pathogens. 37 isolates were lactococci out of which
9 strains were leuconostocs and seven strains were S.jaecalis. S. aureus was more
sensitive to lactococci than lactobacilli. Only one isolate of leuconostoc inhibited
the growth of gram-negative indicators, but five isolates inhibited S. aureus. The
use of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria in dairy products provides a
natural mean of preservation.
F.a. Nakhjavani, F. Bonakdar Hashemi, M.t. Kalani, B. Kazemi, K. Nouri, N. Azadi, M. Haghi Ashtiani, M. Aligholi, U. Erfani, M. Abedini,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (8-2005)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: A polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers from "hpd" gene was compared
with culture for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in CSF
samples from children suspected of meningitis.
Methods: 300 cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) samples from suspected meningitis cases were studied by culture (Leventhal
& Chocolate Agar) and PCR.
Results: The latter method
could detect Hib in all 5 culture positive and in 2 of 295 culture negative
cases, showing sensitivity, specificity, and an accuracy index of 100%, 99% and
99%, respectively. The PCR result was available within a day.
Conclusion: This study has
shown that PCR is a rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic test for Hib from
CSF samples. Futthermore, to maximize management of meningitis cases to reduce
the morbidity, mortality, and complications of invasive Hib infection a
combination of culture and PCR is necessary for the detection ofHib infection. The
incidence ofHib meningitis among children in Children's Medical Center in Tehran
based on culture and PCR results were 2.4% and 1.7% respectively. Based on culture
results, Hib causes 15.6% of all cases ofbacte1ial meningitis in children.
Ali Javani, Masoud Abolhallaje, Mehdi Raadabadi, Hanieh Rezaee Dehaghi, Aslan Nazari, Hamed Nazari, Azadeh Chatrouz ,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: One of the main indexes of development is health index or the degree to which a society enjoys health and therapeutic services. The present study was done with the aim to analyze development levels in cities in Tehran regarding health infrastructural index using the standardized score and Morris’ model.
Methods: This is a descriptive and pragmatic study which ranks 14 cities in Tehran province using the standardized score and Morris’ models based on 10 selected health indexes. The required data were gathered using a researcher-made information list and the information gathered from the Statistics Center and Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data were analyzed using Excel software.
Results: The development coefficient in the studied cities varies from 0.595 to -0.379 so that Rey city has the highest level of development and Pishva city has the lowest level of development among the studied cities. The more number of the cities (43%) was among the rather undeveloped group and none of the cities (0%) was in the rather developed group.
Conclusion: Regarding the findings, there is a big gap and difference regarding enjoying health and therapeutic infrastructural indexes among the cities in Tehran province. Therefore, it is suggested that development-oriented plans consistentent with development levels should be implemented in these cities.
Ali Javani, Masoud Abolhallaje, Javad Jafari, Seyed Mohammad Esmaeil Fazl Hashemi,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background: Achieving organizational objectives depends on the effectiveness of administrators. However, managerial efficacy largely depends on the knowledge and skills of managers. This study aimed at assessing the skills of financial and budget management of the Ministry of Health from the perspective of resource development assistants of universities of medical sciences nationwide.
Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted in 2012. Study participants were resource development assistants of universities of medical sciences in Iran. We adopted simple random sampling method in locating participants. Data were collected using pretested questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test (as a non-parametric test) and Friedman test.
Results: The highest mean recorded under financial management skills was technical skills (3.58±0.50), followed by human skills (3.50±.048), and perceptual skills (3.32±0.52). With regards to financial and budget management and performance monitoring, the means of technical skills, as prioritized by directors, was 3.72±0.71, followed by human skills (3.72±0.70), and perceptual skills (3.66±0.75). A significant association was found between perceptual skills of financial managers and budgeting and performance monitoring managers (p= 0.014).
Conclusion: Operational level managers, such as financial and budgetary managers, need to acquire more technical skills. Therefore, we support activities that promote technical skills and awareness of managers within organizations, such as organizational training courses and distribution of educational materials like brochures.
Background: Achieving organizational objectives depends on the effectiveness of administrators. However, managerial efficacy largely depends on the knowledge and skills of managers. This study aimed at assessing the skills of financial and budget management of the Ministry of Health from the perspective of resource development assistants of universities of medical sciences nationwide.
Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted in 2012. Study participants were resource development assistants of universities of medical sciences in Iran. We adopted simple random sampling method in locating participants. Data were collected using pretested questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test (as a non-parametric test) and Friedman test.
Results: The highest mean recorded under financial management skills was technical skills (3.58±0.50), followed by human skills (3.50±.048), and perceptual skills (3.32±0.52). With regards to financial and budget management and performance monitoring, the means of technical skills, as prioritized by directors, was 3.72±0.71, followed by human skills (3.72±0.70), and perceptual skills (3.66±0.75). A significant association was found between perceptual skills of financial managers and budgeting and performance monitoring managers (p= 0.014).
Conclusion: Operational level managers, such as financial and budgetary managers, need to acquire more technical skills. Therefore, we support activities that promote technical skills and awareness of managers within organizations, such as organizational training courses and distribution of educational materials like brochures.
Maryam Jazayeri, Yousef Moradi, Arezoo Rasti, Manouchehr Nakhjavani, Mahboobeh Kamali, Hamid Reza Baradaran,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is related to rickets in children, and it can increase the risk of osteoporosis in adulthood. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy Iranian children and adolescents. Vitamin D levels less than 20ng/ml and between 20 and 30ng/ml was considered as vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively.
Methods: Relevant observational studies evaluating the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency through 1 January 1990 to 28 Dec 2016, were searched in several electronic databases including Iran-Medex, Scientific Information Database (SID), Irandoc, PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Scopus with no restriction on language. Only full-text articles were used for data extraction and synthesis after considering the inclusion/exclusion criteria.
Results: 11 studies included; the data of four studies of Iranian newborns were withdrawn because of their high heterogeneity. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iranian boys and girls were 35% (CI 95% 34–37) and 61% (CI 95% 60–63), respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Iranian children and adolescents was 31% (CI 95% 30–31).
Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is very high among Iranian children and adolescents. The present findings could provide practical information for healthcare decision makers.
Sina Mahdavifard, Manochehr Nakhjavani,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Thiamine deficiency contributes to hyperglycemia and diabetes complications. Thus, in this study, the effect of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) on the in vivo and in vitro formation of glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers (the main contributors of vascular diabetes complications) was examined in type 2 diabetes rat model.
Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats with a combination of streptozotocin and nicotinamide (55+200 mg/kg). Two groups of rats, healthy and diabetic, were treated with 0.1% TPP in drinking water daily for 3 months and the 2 others received water only. The glucose, insulin, early to end glycation products, the activity of glyoxalase system, lipid profile, LDL oxidation markers, inflammatory markers, creatinine in the serum, and proteinuria in the urine of all rats were determined. Moreover, albumin and LDL were incubated with glucose in the presence and absence of TPP, and the samples were investigated for glycation and oxidation products. Different variables in all 4 groups were compared with multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA-Tukey) test using SPSS version 16. Significance level was set at p<0.05.
Results: TPP decreased the formation of diverse glycation and oxidation products in both in vivo (glycated LDL= 144.50±3.48 and oxidized LDL= 54.08±2.67 μmol/l) and in vitro (glycated LDL= 107.00±2.82 and oxidized LDL= 50.83±1.22 μmol/l). In addition, the vitamin reduced fasting blood sugar (9.23±
0.29), insulin resistance (9.10±0.50), tumor necrosis factor-α (285.43±15.97), interleukin-6 (257.65±13.06), and improved the lipid profile, the activity of Glo system (Glo-I= 31.65±1.06 and Glo-II= 27.01±0.90 U/mL) and renal function in the diabetic rat (p<0.001).
Conclusion: TPP decreased the major risk factors for diabetic complications and corrected the alternations of glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats; thus, it is recommended for diabetes treatment.
Ali Javani, Akhtar Jamali, Nader Gholi Ghorchian,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: One of the indicators of development in different countries is the efficiency of the health care system. Hospitals and health centers have a very important role in the sustainability of society as w well as its economic growth and development. Meanwhile, one of the important development indicators of hospitals is good governance. This study was aimed to determine the factors affecting good governance in teaching hospitals.
Methods: This study was a scoping review of Iranian databases, including IranDoc, ISD, Magiran and International databases such as Science Direct, ISI, PubMed and Scopus to meet the good governance factors in teaching hospitals. There were no time limitations to data collection. the keywords governance, good governance, hospital governance, and good governance in hospitals, teaching hospitals, hospital management, hospital leadership, and their synonyms were used in the search strategy. The content analysis method was used to analyze selected studies.
Results: The findings showed that the characteristics of effective governance in teaching hospitals can be considered as follow: efficiency, managing conflict of interests, facilitated operation, managed and under control activities, integration, and synergy, achieving the desired consequences, creating an atmosphere that is rewarding and for each member.
Conclusion: Based on the results regarding the good governance model in teaching hospitals, it is recommended that on the basis of the nature of service, the mission and value of teaching hospitals have to be clearly redefined. On the other hand, the methods based on which we treat patients should be seriously redefined and we should pay more attention to the patient's values because the patients feel that we are practicing and testing them.
