Showing 14 results for KAVEH
Fatemeh Davari Tanha, Fariba Sardari, Zahra Eftekhar, Mahbod Kaveh, Nargess Izady Mood,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (8-2005)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Preterm labor (delivery after 20 weeks and before 37 weeks of gestation) is the leading cause of prenatal mortality in developed countries. Many women who have pre term labor have abnom1ally high plasma levels of a-fetoprotein in early pregnancy.
Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the ability of this biochemical test and a clinical risk factor scoring system to prospectively discriminate pregnancies at high risk for preterm delivery. In nested case control study six~hundred women were studied prospectively from the early second trimester until delivery. There were sixty women in the study group (those with preterm delivery) and sixty women in the control group (those with term delivery). A plasma level sample was collected during the second trimester, between 17 and 30 week's gestation. Then a-fetoprotein was determined in both groups.
Results: The mean AFP level was 196.75± 151.48 IU/mL in the study group and 85.98±55.90 IU/mL in the control group, both of which were statistically significant (p 10 in 17% of women in the study group and in 8% of women in the control group. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of this test was 78%, 65%,69.10 and 75% respectively. The accuracy of the test, LR+ and LR- were 71%,2.24 and 0.333 respectively.
Conclusion: The combination of measurement ofmatemal serum AFP in the second trimester associated with a risk factor scoring system provides a more accurate indicator ofthe1iskofpretenndeliveryand therefore may be of use in targeting prevention strategies.
Farid Najd Mazhar, Mohammad Taghi Ghazavi, Davod Jafari, Kaveh Gharanizadeh,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (1-2014)
Abstract
Habitual
dislocation of the hip (HDH) in children is a rare entity and can be a
causative factor for popping or snapping hip which is a common problem in
children with good prognosis. We report a case of HDH in a 9 year old girl who
was suffering from frequent snapping hip at night, its course and treatment process.
Shahrokh Karbalaie, Kaveh Hosseini, Ali Bozorgi,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background :In addition to diagnosing the acute myocardial infarction (MI), stratifying high-risk patients and proper treatment strategies are important issues in managing patients complaining of chest pain and suspecting MI. Many studies have been conducted to predict the occlusion site by interpreting the ST segment deviations in Electrocardiogram (ECG).Additional posterior and right precordial leads are suggested in literature to increase the sensitivity of prediction. The goal of this study was to determine the relation of ST segment changes in ECG(conventional 12 leads ECG besides right and posterior leads) with the site of occlusion within the vessel.
Methods : Retrospectively, from total 138 patients, 76 of them were analyzed as single vessel acute Inferior ST elevation Myocardial infarction (I-STEMI)-ST which 56 (74%) had Right Coronary Artery (RCA) occlusion [22(29.3%) proximal RCA, 24(32%) middle RCA and 10(13.3%) distal occlusion of RCA], 19(25%) had Left Circumflex artery (LCx) lesion and one had middle Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery occlusion. On admission ECGs and coronary artery intervention films, were reported within maximum time of 6 days in hospital stay, and re-evaluated by two cardiologists.
Results : Fiol’s algorithm was 93% sensitive and 50% specific for predicting RCA occlusion. The ST elevation in lead III was associated with RCA stenosis (Odds Ratio (OR): 12, Confidence Interval (CI): 2.2-68.9), the association between ST elevation in lead II with LCx involvement was not significant. The V4R was a good marker for RV involvement on-admission, (OR=8, CI: 1.6-37.5). Sum of ST deviation in posterior leads (V7 to V9) ≥2mm had positive and significant relation to LCx stenosis (OR=4, CI: 1.3-14).
Conclusion : Benefit of adding posterior and right leads to 12-lead ECG is shown to be noteworthy in present and prior studies, in identifying LCx stenosis and poor prognosis involvement.
Maryam Esfahani, Yasaman Hashemi, Kaveh Alavi,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) is a widely used instrument to assess suicidality. However, there is only limited information about the psychometric characteristics of BSSI in the Persian language. In this study, we investigated the validity, reliability and factor structure of the BSSI in the general population of Tehran.
Methods : Initially, 900 questionnaire packages were distributed to the general population of Tehran (response rate: 59 percent), using cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire package consisted of a demographic questionnaire, the Persian translation of the BSSI, Symptom checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Beck Hopelessness Inventory (BHI) and Philips Social Support Appraisal Scale. Internal consistency and correlations of the BSSI scores with other constructs were investigated. Factor analysis was done using principal component method.
Results : The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the screening part and the whole scale were satisfactory (>0.8). The scores of both the screening part and the total scale in individuals who experienced suicidal attempt were higher than others. Both the screening part and the total scale had a positive correlation with depression and Global Severity Index in SCL-90-R, and a negative correlation with social support. The scores of the screening part had a positive correlation with anxiety, psychoticism, hostility and hopelessness as well. The screening part consisted of a single factor which explains 60% of the total variance.
Conclusion : The Persian translation of the BSSI has desirable psychometric properties in research setting. However, the clinical usage of the scale remains to be explored, and the factor structure of the whole questionnaire should be assessed in a clinical sample.
Farnoosh Safavifar, Mehrdad Eftekhar, Kaveh Alavi, Reza Negarandeh, Amir Hossein Jalali, Maryam Eftekhar,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: Gender identity disorder and its treatment with sex reassignment surgery is a profound experience, which can affect the mental, interpersonal, social and religious aspects of one’s life.
Methods: This was a qualitative content analysis study focusing on the various dimensions of the experiences of seven patients suffering from gender identity disorder in a female-to-male subgroup. This study presents a report concerning the religious aspects of their experience.
Results: The findings of this study were categorized into the four following conceptual categories: sense of guilt; accomplishing a sense of submission to God’s will as well as God’s pleasing; practical commitment to religion; and rejection by the religious communities.
Conclusion: Diminishing religion to spirituality comprised the core experiences of these patients having intimate relations with such concepts as secularism, stigma, and technocracy.
Elham Gouran Ourimi, Amir Shabani, Kaveh Alavi, Mohammad Reza Najarzadegan, Fatemehsadat Mirfazeli,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: Iran is facing an outbreak of methamphetamine-induced disorders and frequent use of these substances in patients with bipolar disorder. Using or intoxication of methamphetamine in patients with bipolar I disorder may alter the patient's clinical profile; however there is limited studies about impact of methamphetamine on clinical manifestation of bipolar disorders. This study aimed to compare psychiatric symptoms in patients with bipolar I disorder with and without concomitant use of methamphetamine.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, psychiatric symptoms of bipolar I disorder in patients with (Meth+) and without (Meth-) methamphetamine use was evaluated. A number of 57 participants with Meth + and 50 subjects with Meth- were recruited. The clinical picture of bipolar disorder was investigated by Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), 17-item Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale (HDRS-17) and the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Statistical comparisons were performed using the T-test for independent samples and Mann-Whitney test.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding age, duration of illness and hospitalizations. However, male participants were significantly higher in Meth+ group than in Meth- one (p<0.001). The mean (± SD) scores in the two groups of Meth+ and Meth- for YMRS, HDRS, and SAPS were 31.3 (±1.3) and 34.0 (±1.2), 13.7 (±0.7) and 13.5±(0.5), and 50.0 (±1.9) and 48.0 (±2.1), respectively, which were not statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the overall clinical manifestation of bipolar I disorder in patients with and without methamphetamine use. However, in some symptomatology domains, there were some differences between the two groups.
Fatemeh Kashaninasab, Kaveh Alavi, Mohammad Farhadi, Mansour Salehi, Mir Farhad Ghaleh Bandi,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background: Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is valuable, but it is time-consuming and expensive. Appropriate screening instruments help clinicians select high-risk individuals for further investigations. In the present study, we compared 4 popular instruments used in screening OSAS including Berlin, STOP, STOP-BANG questionnaires, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).
Methods: A total of 250 individuals, who referred to Sleep Laboratory of Shoorideh Hospital (Tehran, Iran) for polysomnography during May 2015 to November 2015, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. In addition to taking history and physical examination, 4 screening instruments including Berlin, STOP, STOP-BANG questionnaires, and ESS were completed. Diagnosis of OSAS was established using apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in 3 categories of mild, moderate, and severe.
Results: Severe OSAS was diagnosed in 159 (63.6%), moderate OSAS in 43 (17.2%), and mild OSAS in 41 (16.4%) of the participants, moreover, AHI was within normal range in the other 7 (2.8%). To diagnose OSAS with any severity, Berlin questionnaire was a preferable instrument, with a sensitivity of 79.8% and specificity of 71.4%, considering the cut-point value of 3.5. In addition, in cases of severe OSAS, Berlin questionnaire showed superiority over other instruments, with a sensitivity of 80.5% and specificity of 61.5% using the cut-point value of 3.5.
Conclusion: None of the 4 instruments are ideal to predict OSAS. However, considering the simplicity and availability of the instruments, Berlin and STOP-BANG questionnaires had maximum diagnostic values that helped us distinguish OSAS and severe OSAS, respectively.
Hassan Hashemi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Mohammad Haji-Aghajani, Ghasem Janbabaee, Ali Maher, Somayeh Noori Hekmat, Amir M. Javadi, Rohaneh Rahimisadegh, Samira Emadi, Mahamad Reza Rajabalipour, Hajar Haghighi, Reza Dehnavieh, Masoud Ferdosi, Gholamreza Khademi, Mohammad Hossein Mehralhasani, Asma Sabermahani, Kaveh Nouhi Bezanjani, Abedin Iranpour, Hamidreza Rashidi Nejad, Fatemeh Moeen Samadani, Maryam Maki, Behzad Kalantari, Nahid Farrokhyar, Hamed Rouhanizadeh, Monireh Falakbaz, Hamid Allahyari, Mohammad Taghi Fathalian, Ali Reza Khajehmirzaei, Ali Jannati, Javad Derakhshani, Ali Rezapour, Jamal Eftekhari, Parisa Khaterneshanian Fam, Mahmoud Kazemi, Mohsen Mohammadi, Payam Rastbin, Bahareh Pirhayati, Elahe Souri, Amin Torabipour, Mohammad Keshvari,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (2-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Hospital beds, human resources, and medical equipment are the costliest elements in the health system and play an essential role at the time of treatment. In this paper, different phases of the NEDA 2026 project and its methodological approach were presented and its formulation process was analysed using the Kingdon model of policymaking.
Methods: Iran Health Roadmap (NEDA 2026) project started in March 2016 and ended in March 2017. The main components of this project were hospital beds, clinical human resources, specialist personnel, capital medical equipment, laboratory facilities, emergency services, and service delivery model. Kingdon model of policymaking was used to evaluate NEDA 2026 development and implementation. In this study, all activities to accomplish each step in the Kingdon model was described.
Results: The followings were done to accomplish the goals of each step: collecting experts’ viewpoint (problem identification and definition), systematic review of the literature, analysis of previous experiences, stakeholder analysis, economic analysis, and feasibility study (solution appropriateness analysis), three-round Delphi survey (policy survey and scrutinization), and intersectoral and interasectoral agreement (policy legislation).
Conclusion: In the provision of an efficient health service, various components affect each other and the desired outcome, so they need to be considered as parts of an integrated system in developing a roadmap for the health system. Thus, this study demonstrated the cooperation process at different levels of Iran’s health system to formulate a roadmap to provide the necessary resources for the health sector for the next 10 years and to ensure its feasibility using the Kingdon policy framework.
Mohammad Reza Azizi, Homa Mohammadsadeghi, Kaveh Alavi, Maryam Rasoulian, Nazila Karimzad, Mehrdad Eftekhar Ardebili,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: Borderline Evaluation of Severity over Time (BEST) is one of the self-reported tools for evaluation of the severity and track the response of treatment of borderline personality disorder. The present study evaluated the validity and reliability of Persian Translation of the Borderline Evaluation of Severity over Time (BEST) Questionnaire and to compare it with a semi-structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II (SCID-II).
Methods: The questionnaire was translated into Persian and then, the content and face validities of the questionnaire were determined. The translated BEST questionnaire and SCID-II were conducted on 33 outpatients and 32 hospitalized patients with diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and 30 patients’ companions. Forty-five patients completed the questionnaire again in an interval between 7 to 45 days. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, paired sample t-test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s α coefficient.
Results: This study evaluates the content validity, face validity, and criterion validity and reliability of the Persian version of the BEST Questionnaire. The mean scores of the BEST questionnaire were 45.6, 39.2, and 24.3 in in-patients, outpatients, and controls, respectively (p=0.001). The mean scores of the BEST questionnaire were 43.7 in the first evaluation, and 41.4 in the second one (r=0.619, p<0.001). Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.761, and it reached to 0.898 after omitting items 13 to 15. The questionnaire had a two-factor structure, including internal turmoil and the disturbance in interpersonal relationships.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the BEST Questionnaire has a high face and content validity, high criterion validity, moderate to high reliability, and an acceptable two-factor structure.
Anahita Amidi Naeini, Hadi Ranjbar, Homa Mohammadsadeghi, Kaveh Alavi, Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha, Mayram Rasoulian,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Diagnosis disclosure is the result of a shift in medical approaches from traditional paternalism to participatory and patient-centered decision making. Disclosure of psychiatric diagnosis remained uncommon and controversial. Giving information about psychiatric illnesses is very complicated, and it is affected by several factors. While clinical guidelines provide a clear pathway for treating patients, in practice, the treatment of patients is influenced by cultural and social factors. The aim of the current study was a qualitative assessment of psychiatrists’ approaches regarding the disclosure of psychiatric disorders to their patients.
Methods: The current study was conducted with a qualitative approach. The participants were purposefully selected psychiatrists from three medical universities in Tehran, Iran. The data gathered using the semi-structured interview method. Sixteen interviews with 14 psychiatrists were conducted. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Psychiatrists decide to disclose the diagnosis based on several factors. We summarized these factors in a central theme, passive situational decision making based on paternalism and displacement of responsibility. It has two subthemes, including “passive and situational decision making” and “paternalism and displacement of responsibility.” Each theme presented by detailed quotations.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that psychiatrists did not actively disclose the diagnosis name to patients. Diagnosis disclosure was influenced by several factors, such as the certainty about the diagnosis and the severity of the disease. This passive approach does not respect the patient's rights. The paternalistic nature of this approach mandates psychiatrists to consider themselves as the responsible perosn for their patients’ welfare.
Ahmad Tayefi, Abdolreza Pazouki, Kaveh Alavi, Razieh Salehian, Fahimeh Soheilipour, Atefeh Ghanbari Jolfaei,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a chronic disease that causes several medical and psychiatric complications. There are plenty of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for obesity treatment. Bariatric surgery is one of the most efficient non-pharmacological treatment for morbid obesity; however, several psychological factors affect the success of bariatric surgery. This study aims to evaluate personality characteristics and eating attitude relationship with the success of bariatric surgery.
Methods: This study was carried out on 75 patients with obesity who were candidates of bariatric surgery in the obesity clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran. The patients were asked to fill the TCI and EAT-26 questionnaires before and after the surgery. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS-23 applying T-test, Mann-Whitney tests and Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: Seventy-five patients, including 13 men and 62 women, were assessed through this study. The
mean of the BMI of the participants was 44.7 prior to the surgery and 30 after the operation. Personality characteristics and eating attitudes had no significant relationship with the success of bariatric surgery.
Conclusion: Although the eating attitude and personal characteristics of the bariatric surgery candidates before the surgery was not related to the outcome of the surgery, they should be considered in post-operational psychological assessments.
Marzieh Soheili, Kaveh Haji-Allahverdipoor, Mohamad Bagher Khadem-Erfan, Babak Baban, Bahram Nikkhoo, Anwar Eliasi, Sherko Nasseri,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus. COVID-19 patients are at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome and death from respiratory failure.
Methods: In this study the complete genome of the SARS-CoV-2 reference sequence, geologically isolated types, and Coronavirus related to human diseases were compared by the Molecular Phylogenetic Maximum Likelihood method. The secondary and tertiary structures of the main protease of SARS-CoV were defined as the most similar viruses to SARS-CoV-2, aligned with chimera software. Therefore, considering ineffective antiviral medications used for SARS-CoV and the importance of preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome as the main cause of mortality, 2 strategies were adopted to acquire the most effective drug combination.
Results: The results of phylogenic analysis showed that SARS-CoV is the most similar virus to SARS-CoV-2. The secondary structure and superimposing of tertiary structure did not show a significant difference between SARS and SARS-CoV-2 3C-like main protease and the root means square deviation between Cα atoms did not support the difference between the 2 protein structures. Thus, these 2 mechanisms were fostered in accordance with the correlation between acute respiratory distress syndrome-related Coronavirus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 on one side and the possible treatments for reducing the respiratory side effects on the other. The analysis of renin-angiotensin system as well as the tested drugs applied to acute respiratory distress syndrome cases, indicated that angiotensin II receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and C21 as nonpeptide agonist might possess a promising modality of treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, implementing recombinant human ACE2 as a competitive receptor might be an effective way to trap and chelate the SARS-CoV-2 particles.
Conclusion: The data suggest that combination therapy of angiotensin II receptor blockers and C21 could be a potential pharmacologic regimen to control and reduce acute respiratory distress syndrome. Moreover, rhACE2 can be recommended as an effective protective antiviral therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications.
Fatemeh Mohebbi, Kaveh Alavi, Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan, Mahdieh Saeidi, Mahnoush Mahdiar, Fahimeh Bakhshijoibari, Seyed Kazem Malakouti,
Volume 38, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Paying attention to the needs of patients with psychiatric disorders has recently come into focus. Failure to meet the needs of patients can affect their quality of life. This study aimed to determine the main areas of the needs of patients with severe psychiatric disorders and evaluate their relationship with the quality of life.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 174 patients with severe mental illness who were referred to Iran Psychiatric Hospital for hospitalization or outpatient treatment were enrolled in this study (68 with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, 106 with bipolar disorder type 1). A qualified psychiatry resident conducted interviews with each patient to determine their needs using the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule (CANSAS) and the severity of their illness using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Young Mania Rating Scale. A checklist for demographic data and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was completed by patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Since the number of needs distribution was not normal, we used the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests for qualitative variables.
Results: The total number of patient needs was 9 (mean = 9.1, SD = 3.7). The most unmet needs were intimate relationships (69.5%), sexual expression (65.5%), and information on condition and treatment (51.1%). Unmet needs showed a negative correlation with the quality of life (P < 0.001) and a positive correlation with the severity of depression (P = 0.045), negative symptoms (P = 0.001), and general psychopathology (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: A higher number of unmet needs of severe psychiatric patients is associated with lower quality of life and more severe disorders.
Bakhtiar Piroozi, Banaz Adnan Saeed, Azad Shokri, Hossein Safari, Farhad Moradpour, Mehdi Zokaei, Kaveh Qaderi Bagajan, Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Yadolah Zarezadeh,
Volume 39, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background: Mental disorders are prevalent among individuals with disabilities, often exacerbated by socioeconomic factors. This study aims to examine the prevalence of mental disorders among people with disabilities in Iran, addressing a significant yet under-researched issue within this population.
Methods: Conducted in 2023, this cross-sectional study focused on adults with physical and sensory disabilities (sight, hearing, speech) in Sanandaj city. A total of 613 individuals participated, selected through simple random sampling. Data were gathered utilizing the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Multivariate logistic regression identified significant predictors of mental disorder suspicion, while the concentration index (C) and concentration curve (CC) measured prevalence inequality. Data analysis was conducted using STATA software version 16.0.
Results: The prevalence of mental disorder suspicion was 56.7% (344 individuals), with severity categorized as 29.7% mild, 16.6% moderate, and 10.4% severe. Significant predictors for increased odds of mental disorder symptoms included being female (AOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.05-2.29), under 30 years old (AOR: 3.46; 95% CI: 1.55-5.76), unemployed (AOR: 4.10; 95% CI: 2.74-6.14), lacking supplementary insurance (AOR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.49-5.20), and belonging to the poorest economic class (AOR: 4.23; 95% CI: 2.34-7.62). The suspicion of mental disorders was unevenly distributed and concentrated among individuals with lower economic status (C = -0.395).
Conclusion: This study highlights significant mental health disparities among individuals with disabilities, particularly in economically disadvantaged groups. Health policies should focus on prevention and access to mental health services, such as community-based programs, healthcare provider training, and financial assistance, alongside efforts to improve employment opportunities for this population.
