Showing 17 results for LARIJANI
B Mirzajani, B Farzami, A Sarrafnejad, B Larijani, M Myers,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (11-2000)
Abstract
Isolation of rat islets of Langerhans was carried out by using collagenase and
the destruction of exocrine tissue was performed through the injection of Hanks'
solution into the common bile duct. The identification of the islets was done by
techniques including the use of a stereomicroscope against a black background.
Vital staining was done by an injection of neutral red solution through the abdominal
aorta to observe the red tinted islets. Immunofluorescent staining with
anti-insulin was done to identify islets and nuclear staining was done with
propidium iodide. The microorgans were detected by a confocal microscope
equipped with a laser source. The secretory activities of the islets was investigated
by in vitro measurement of insulin and the effects of various concentrations
of glucose, potassium and calcium ions were studied. It was found that the insulin
secretion by these agents obeyed a monophasic trend which points to the depolarization
effect on cytoplasmic membrane induced by these agents.
Behnam Heidari, Patricia Khashayar, Mohsen Rezai Homami, Atieh Pajouhi, Akbar Soltani, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is considered the gold standard for non-invasive measurement of bone mass. T-scores and Z-scores are used to present the results of bone mass. The present study was designed to evaluate the discordance between T-scores and Z-scores calculated at a same level and its relation with age, gender and body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of normal population.
Methods :This cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of a comprehensive survey, Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS), designed to assess bone health among healthy adults. Each individual underwent both L1–L4 antero-posterior lumbar spine and hip DXA scan. The difference between the T- and Z-scores measured at each of the four skeletal sites was then calculated.
Results : A -1.21 to 1.21 point difference was noted in the Z- and T- scores measured at each site. While the difference between the T- and Z-scores was less than 0.5 SD in most of the cases, the difference was higher than 1 SD in about 5% of the subjects.
Conclusion : Standardization of Z-score definition and calculation techniques as well as developing an ethnicity-matched reference population is needed to improve the reliability of DXA-generated Z-scores.
Parisa Goodarzi, Hamid Reza Aghayan, Bagher Larijani, Masoud Soleimani, Ahmad-Reza Dehpour, Mehrnaz Sahebjam, Firoozeh Ghaderi, Babak Arjmand,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative brain disorder which is around 1.5 times more common in men than in women. Currently, drug medications, surgery, and lifestyle changes are common approaches to PD, while all of them focused on reducing the symptoms. Therefore, regenerative medicine based on stem cell (SC) therapies has raised a promising hope. Various types of SCs have been used in basic and experimental studies relevant to PD, including embryonic pluripotential stem cells, mesenchymal (MSCs) and induced pluripotent SCs (iPSCs). MSCs have several advantages over other counterparts. They are easily accessible which can be obtained from various tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, peripheral blood, etc. with avoiding ethical problems. Therefore, MSCs is attractive clinically because there are no related ethical and immunological concerns . Further studies are needed to answer some crucial questions about the different issues in SC therapy. Accordingly, SC-based therapy for PD also needed more complementary evaluation in both basic and clinical study areas.
Zahra Mohammadi, Abbasali Keshtkar, Fateme Fayyazbakhsh, Mehdi Ebrahimi, Mahsa M Amoli, Mostafa Ghorbani, Patricia Khashayar, Mahboubeh Dini, Mina Ebrahimi-Rad, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis, or porous bone, is a disease characterized by low bone mass density (BMD) and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and increased risk of hip, spine, and wrist fractures. There are numerous risk factors for osteoporosis. While many of these factors are non-genetic in nature, there is a definite genetic component responsible for this condition. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between VDR (Vitamin D receptor gene) polymorphisms (Fok1) A>G (rs2228570) and bone mineral density in an Iranian defined population.
Methods : The study participants comprised of 1032 Iranians recruited from the city of Sanandaj during IMOS (Iranian Multi Center Osteoporosis Study). Bone mineral density measurement was performed in all the participants with and without osteoporosis. All samples were genotyped for VDR genes (Fok1) polymorphism with polymerase chain reaction, using a predesigned TaqMan allele discrimination assay.
Results : There was a significant association between Fok1 polymorphism and osteoporosis in post-menopausal women, 0.138(0.025-0.768).
Conclusion : It seems that cohort studies, which are more powerful than case-control studies, can be useful in evaluating the roles of genetic variants as risk or protective factors for osteoporosis.
Shirin Djalalinia, Niloofar Peykari, Mostafa Qorbani, Bagher Larijani, Farshad Farzadfar,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: Socioeconomic status and demographic factors, such as education, occupation, place of residence, gender, age, and marital status have been reported to be associated with obesity. We conducted a systematic review to summarize evidences on associations between socioeconomic factors and obesity/overweight in Iranian population.
Methods : We systematically searched international databases ISI, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and national databases Iran-medex, Irandoc, and Scientific Information Database (SID). We refined data for associations between socioeconomic factors and obesity/overweight by sex, age, province, and year. There were no limitations for time and languages.
Results : Based on our search strategy we found 151 records of them 139 were from international databases and the remaining 12 were obtained from national databases. After removing duplicates, via the refining steps, only 119 articles were found related to our study domains. Extracted results were attributed to 146596 person/data from included studies. Increased ages, low educational levels, being married, residence in urban area, as well as female sex were clearly associated with obesity.
Conclusion : Results could be useful for better health policy and more planned studies in this field. These also could be used for future complementary analyses.
Habibolah Rezaei, Alireza Yousefi, Bagher Larijani, Reza Dehnavieh, Nima Rezaei, Maryam Kazemi, Peyman Adibi,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: Forecasting is the process of predicting future behavior. In reviewing databases, no predicted value associated with international collaboration publications in Iran was found. Thus, the present study aimed at forecasting Iran’s international collaborative articles in medical sciences.
Methods: The number of Iran’s articles and international collaborative articles in medical sciences written over 56 years was extracted from SCOPUS. Data were extracted from 1960 up to 2016. The time series method was used for forecasting using the Minitab software Version 17.
Results: There was no increase in the number of medical articles from Iran from 1960 to 2001. However, the data showed incremental growth between 2001 and 2016. This was similar to Iran’s medical sciences international collaboration articles. In 2016, the percentage of Iran’s international collaboration articles was 15.2, which is expected to reach 19.9 in 2025.
Conclusion: An investigation was performed on the number of international collaboration articles in the field of medical sciences in Iran. Future trends show an incremental growth. The number of Iran’s articles can be increased with international cooperation. However, an increase or decrease in Iran’s articles without international cooperation has to be investigated.
Maryam Ghasemi, Parvaneh Afshar, Somayyeh Sheidaie, Yosef Moeini, Lale Vahedi Larijani,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and its annual mortality rate is increasing. The induction enzyme of cyclooxygenase COX-2 causes biosynthesis of prostaglandin and thromboxane during inflammation of the body. Increasing the expression of COX-2 has an important role in the development and progression of malignant epithelial cancers and other types of cancers. Considering the diagnostic status of the marker, this study aimed to evaluate the expression of COX-2 for diagnosis and differentiation of benign skin pigmented neoplastic lesions from malignant melanoma types.
Methods: In this diagnostic study, the immunohistochemistry of COX-2 maker in 82 paraffin blocks of pigmented benign and malignant skin neoplasms of patients (49 men; 33 women) and its association with clinicopathological features of the tumor was evaluated. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and t test in SPSS18. Significance level was set at less than 5%.
Results: The findings showed that 20 patients (24.3%) had malignant melanoma and 13 had significant COX-2 (3+ High), while COX-2 marker was not detected in other benign and malignant pigmented skin neoplasms (p<0.001). A significant association was found between COX-2 marker and grade (p<0.001), but there was no significant correlation with other clinicopathological tumor criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV value of the COX-2 marker were 65%, 100%, 89.9%, and 100%, respectively.
Conclusion: Because of the high level of COX-2 in malignant melanoma skin marker, it can be used to distinguish benign and malignant neoplastic lesions (SCC and BCC) from melanoma and to provide effective therapeutic strategies through specific COX-2 enzyme inhibitors.
Ali Tootee, Behrouz Nikbin, Ensieh Nasli Esfahani, Babak Arjmand, Hamidreza Aghayan, Mostafa Qorbani, Aziz Ghahari, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: In patients with diabetes, transplantation of stem cells increases C-peptide levels and induces insulin independence for some period. Today, this positive therapeutic outcome is widely attributed to the well-documented immunomodulatory properties of stem cells. The aim of this study was to report alternations (the trend of increase or decrease) in different lymphocyte populations in a stem cell clinical trial performed in our institute.
Methods: Recorded data of a clinical trial conducted on 72 patients with type 1 diabetes who had received fetal stem cell transplantation several years ago and were regularly monitored before and after the procedure in 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months were analyzed. In these regular follow-up visits, insulin demand, HbA1c, C-peptide, and alternation to B cell and T cell populations were analyzed and recorded. For the purpose of the current study, patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups, namely, those with the positive response to treatment and patients without such response. Temporary positive therapeutic response was defined by 2 different indicators, namely, plasma C-peptide levels and insulin dose-adjusted A1C (IDAA1c), which was calculated as A1C (percent) + (4 × insulin dose (units per kilogram per 24 h). Data analysis was performed by means of SPSS Version 18.
Results: Besides the short-term therapeutic effect, we observed remarkably significant alternations to the populations of B and T lymphocytes in the recipients. When patients were retrospectively assigned to 2 different groups of patients with a positive therapeutic response (based on C-peptide changes) and those without it, it was observed that alternations to different populations of B-cells and T-cells were significantly different in these 2 groups.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that transplantation of stem cells leads to significant positive therapeutic outcomes in one group of patients who showed totally distinct patterns of alternation to different groups of lymphocytes.
Mehdi Afkar, Parisa Rezanejad Asl, Alireza Mahdavi Hezaveh, Forouzan Akrami, Sahand Riazi-Isfahani, Niloofar Peykari, Moloud Payab, Alireza Moghisi, Elham Yousefi, Mansour Ranjbar, Marzeyeh Soleymani Nejad, Christoph Hamelmann, Slim Slama, Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi, Bagher Larijani, Alireza Raeisi, Afshin Ostovar,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in the provision of non-communicable disease (NCDs) prevention and control services in many countries, and there is a concern that it would lead to long-term complications of the diseases. The aim of this study is to assess the changes in the provisions of selected NCD services before and after the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran’s primary healthcare system.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical retrospective study, the number of eight NCD services provided during the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic from Feb 2020 to Dec 2020 were compared with the same period in the previous year using the data from the Iranian integrated electronic health record system (SIB) and also the association between the number of deaths due to COVID-19 and a sample of NCD services were assessed using cross-correlation analysis. The statistical analysis was performed in Stata Software v.14.
Results: The NCD services have decreased by an average of 18.89% compared to the same period in the previous year; this decline was much more severe at the beginning of the epidemic period (up to 75% in some services) and was greater in physician-provided services than in non-physician services. Also, examining the course of the selected services during this period, a gradual compensation was evident after the initial reduction.
Conclusion: The general trend of the selected services of prevention and control of NCDs in the PHC system of Iran within 10 months after the onset of COVID-19 showed a sharp decline and subsequent gradual compensation. Although the process of compensation in some services may be considered somewhat reassuring, in the case of some essential services, more effort and attention to the implementation of programs or compensatory policies seem necessary.
Efat Mohamadi, Alireza Olyaeemanesh, Amirhossein Takian, Fatemeh Yaftian, Mohammad Mehdi Kiani, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human life has led to profound consequences in almost all societies worldwide, and this includes its significant impact on all aspects of health. Health equity has been among the main challenges in any healthcare system. However, with the COVID-19 crisis worsening health inequalities, the need to prioritize health equity in upstream national and international plans must receive scholarly attention. Therefore, this paper reports the findings of a review of the current synthesized evidence about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health equity.
Methods: This is a comprehensive review in which we retrieved relevant studies during the period starting from 12/01/2019 to 01/15/2021 are retrieved from various databases. The PRISMA flow diagram and a narrative approach are used for synthesizing the evidence.
Results: We initially retrieved 1173 studies, and after a primary quality appraisal process, 40 studies entered the final phase of analysis. The included studies were categorized into five main outcome variables: Accessibility (95%), Utilization (65.8%), Financial protection: 15 (36.5%), Poverty (31.7%), and Racism (21.9%)
Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has been the most devastating global challenge in recent history. While the COVID-19 crisis is still unfolding, its multidimensional adverse effects are yet to be revealed. Nevertheless, some people, e.g., the elderly, minorities, as well as marginalized and poor persons, have suffered the COVID-19 consequences more than others. In line with the whole government/whole society approach, we advocate that governments need to strengthen their special efforts to reduce the extra burden of the pandemic on the most vulnerable populations.
Yasaman Sharifi, Mahbube Ebrahimpur, Moloud Payab, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: The syndemic theory is based on the interaction of two or more epidemics. This phenomenon is important in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: This pandemic affects all aspects of human life, including the management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and so on. This effect may have an impact not only on the management of the underlying NCDs but also on the infection and prognosis of COVID-19. Another aspect of this syndemic is that the health policies in each country have been revolutionized as a result of this pandemic, and the association of COVID-19 with other NCDs necessitates the implementation of new policies to properly manage this syndemic.
Conclusion: In this paper, we review the syndemic theory, how the COVID-19 pandemic could be classified as a syndemic with other NCDs, and how this pandemic changes circumstances for policymakers in any country, particularly the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Niloofar Peykari, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Shirin Djalalini, Nazila Rezaei, Anita Mansouri, Shohreh Naderimagham, Parinaz Mehdipour, Forough Pazhuheian, Alireza Khajavi, Rosa Haghshenas, Negar Mahmoudi, Zohreh Mahmoudi, Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand, Kamyar Rezaee, Bagher Larijani, Ardeshir Khosravi, Farshad Farzadfar,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Following global commitments to prevent and control non-communicable diseases, we sought to estimate national and sub-national trends in diabetes mortality in Iran and assess its association with socioeconomic factors.
Methods: In a systematic analytical study, to assess the correlation between diabetes mortality and socioeconomic factors, we used data obtained from the Death Registration System (DRS), the Spatio-temporal model and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) levels and the diabetes mortality trends, which were estimated by sex, age and year at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2015.
Results: Between the years 1990 and 2015, the age-standardized diabetes mortality rate (per 100,000) increased from 3.40 (95% UI: 2.33 to 4.99) to 7.72 (95% UI: 5.51 to 10.78) in males and from 4.66 (95% UI: 3.23 to 6.76) to 10.38 (95% UI: 7.54 to 14.23) in females. In 1990, the difference between the highest age-standardized diabetes mortality rate among males was 3.88 times greater than the lowest (5.97 vs. 1.54), and in 2015 this difference was 3.96 times greater (14.65 vs. 3.70). This provincial difference was higher among females and was 5.13 times greater in 1990 (8.41 vs. 1.64) and 5.04 times greater in 2015 (19.87 vs. 3.94). The rate of diabetes mortality rose with urbanization yet declined with an increase in wealth and years of schooling as the main socio-economic factors.
Conclusion: The rising trend of diabetes mortality rate at the national level and the sub-national disparities associated with socioeconomic status in Iran warrant the implementation of specific interventions recommended by the ‘25 by 25’ goal.
Niloofar Peykari, Fatemeh Ghaemi, Ensieh Nasli, Alireza Mahdavi, Elham Yousefi, Hadi Monji, Mahdi Shadnoush, Farshad Farzadfar, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes and its complications threaten the life of communities at global, national, and sub-national levels. Following the United Nations' call to action and develop a global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs by The World Health Organization (WHO), all countries have a commitment to halt the rise in diabetes prevalence across the world. But the different situations of disease and risk factors, different priorities, and the context of the health care systems moved the countries to develop adapted targets and action plans.
On the same ground, Iran established a national authority construction as the Diabetes Sub-committee which is part of the Iranian Non-Communicable Diseases Committee (INCDC) and incorporated a multi-sectoral mechanism to develop the national service framework for diabetes. Accordingly, this paper is aiming at sharing Iran’s experience regarding the policy implications for diabetes prevention and control. Exchange this experience could be beneficiary to other countries to lead a systematic action to prevent disability and mortality due to diabetes.
Haleh Adibi Larijani, Shandiz Moslehi, Mohsen Dowlati,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: The probability of sexual violence in areas affected by natural disasters may increase. An increase in the rate of unwanted pregnancies and subsequent intentional abortions, physical and mental injuries, and death can be the consequences of sexual violence. One of the characteristics of natural disasters is their unpredictability and ambiguity. Since decisions must be made quickly during the response, there must be adequate planning in advance, and preparedness in the community will reduce surprises in the responding organizations. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the preparedness against sexual violence in natural disasters.
Methods: In this study, an electronic search was performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases. Other search resources, such as Science.gov, Scienceopen.cond Meta-search engines, organizational websites, including UNICEF, UNFPA, and IFRC, as well as key journals and the International Disaster and Risk Conference were hand-searched from 1/1/1990 to 8/29/2021. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist was used to select the studies, and the findings were finally analyzed by thematic analysis method using MAXQDA10 software.
Results: A total of 40 papers out of a total of 2978 studies were considered in this analysis. Macropolicies, empowerment, contextualization, management and organization, command community-based, and responsive planning were the five primary categories that were found.
Conclusion: Preparedness measures are highly important to respond promptly and effectively to sexual violence and should be integrated into disaster preparedness programs. The findings of this study can be used by disaster response managers and policymakers in developing and improving preparedness programs.
Ladan Haghighi, Maryam Rahimi, Behnaz Mohabatian, Zahra Rampisheh, Mahshid Shirvani, Samaneh Saghafian Larijani,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare sublingual misoprostol alone or combined with vaginal Isoniazid (INH) for first-trimester abortion.
Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 80 pregnant women with missed abortion candidates for first-trimester abortion were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group received 800 μg sublingual misoprostol every three hours maximum for three doses and the second group received 1500 mg vaginal INH followed by the same dose of misoprostol. Vaginal sonography was performed after 24 hours on both groups to observe any retained product of conception. In case of no response or incomplete abortion, the second course of misoprostol (with the same dose) was administered. The abortion (complete or incomplete) rate was reported within 48 hours after the first dose of misoprostol.
Results: The rate of successful intervention (either complete or incomplete) abortion within 48 hours of misoprostol administration was 75% in both groups and was not significantly different (P value = 1). Also, hospitalization duration, abortion time, total misoprostol dosage, and the rate of side effects were similar in the two groups. Five patients in the misoprostol group and three in the misoprostol plus isoniazid group underwent emergent D&C because of heavy bleeding.
Conclusion: A combined regimen of sublingual Misoprostol plus vaginal Isoniazid with the prescribed dosage has similar efficacy to sublingual misoprostol alone in first-trimester abortion.
Mahsa Oladikalarijani, Amir Shabani, Shiva Soraya, Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: Mood disorders are the most common psychiatric comorbidities in substance users. Mood disorders and substance use disorders are 2 intertwined processes in which treating one aid in treating the other. Depression and substance use disorder are now regarded as major mental health issues due to their widespread incidence.
The study was designed to investigate the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar I and II disorders in patients with substance use disorder.
Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were 320 patients with substance use disorder based on the DSM–5 (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition) criteria in Iran Psychiatric Hospital in 2020, who were assessed using the SCID-5-CV (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–5 disorders-clinician version), and the demographic and clinical variables questionnaire considering familial and substance use history. The chi-square, Fisher, independent t test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.
Results: Of the patients, 32.8% (n = 105) had mood disorders. The most common mood disorder was MDD (16.9%, n = 54), followed by bipolar I (12.5%, n = 40) and bipolar II (2.8%, n = 9) disorders. Methamphetamine was the most commonly used substance (47.5%, n = 152). Also, 62.5% (n = 200) of participants consumed 2 or more substances simultaneously. The chance of having a mood disorder in married and divorced patients was 2.12 and 2.04 times more than in single patients, respectively.
Conclusion: The lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder in patients with substance use disorders is several times more than the general population, thus psychiatrists should pay more attention to mood comorbidities diagnosis and treatment in substance users.
Zeinab Derakhshan, Bagher Larijani, Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki, Pooneh Salari,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: Providing unnecessary healthcare services is a major common problem in every health system. The scope and cause of healthcare services must be identified in order to be managed and controlled. Finding the most complete definition of the problem and its causes are the goals of this meta-synthesis.
Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was performed using a wide range of keywords and databases. Based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 articles were selected for content analysis and meta-synthesis. The Graneheim and Lundman method was used for content analysis. The MAXQDA software Version 18.2.0 was used for the first round of content analysis. Content analysis and meta-synthesis were used to comprehensively define the term “unnecessary healthcare services” and find the etiologic factors driving healthcare providers to unnecessary healthcare services.
Results: The term “unnecessary healthcare services” is defined as “overproviding healthcare services that could be harmful, low-value, insufficient, and inappropriate.” The etiologic pattern of unnecessary healthcare services shows intrinsic and extrinsic factors as a driving force for unnecessary healthcare services.
Conclusion: A multilayer strategy for efficient management and prevention of unnecessary healthcare services is appropriate due to the multifaceted character of these services. This approach consists of the modification of the intrinsic factors and extrinsic drivers.
