Showing 8 results for Zahraei
Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Azam Sabouri, Azadeh Asgarian, Sima Afrashteh, Hossein Ansari,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: During the past years, due to the increase in immunization coverage and promotion of surveillance data, the incidence of measles decreased. This study aimed to determine the measles incidence risk, to conduct spatial mapping of annual measles incidence, and to assess the transition threat in different districts of Iran.
Methods: A historical cohort study with retrospective data was conducted. The measles surveillance data containing 14 294 cases suspected of having measles in Iran were analyzed during 2014-2016. WHO Measles Programmatic Risk Assessment Tool was applied to calculate and map the incidence of measles in each district, to determine the annual incidence rate, and to conduct spatial threat assessment risk. Threat assessment was measured based on factors influencing the exposure and transmission of measles virus in the population. The annual measles incidence rate and spatial mapping of incidence in each Iranian district was conducted by Measles Programmatic Risk Assessment Tool. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics in Excel 2013 and Arc GIS 10.3.
Results: Of 14 294 suspected cases, 0.6% (CI 95%: 0.599-0.619) were identified as clinically compatible measles, 0.280 (CI 95%: 0.275-0.284) as confirmed rubella, 0.52% (CI 95%: 0.516-0.533) as epi-linked measles, 4.6% (CI 95%: 0.450-0.464) as lab-confirmed measles, and 94% (CI 95%: 93.93-94.11) were discarded. The annual incidence rate in cases per 100 000 populations increased from 0.0726, (CI 95%; 0.0714-0.0738) in 2014 to 0.1154 (CI 95%; 0.1135-0.1173) in 2016, and the 3-year incidence rate during the study period was 1.032 (CI 95%; 1.017-1.047) and the annual average was 0.3442 (CI 95%; 0.3387-0.3496).
Conclusion: The average annual incidence rate of measles in Iran was low, but after a 11-fold increase in the number of measles cases in 2015, the number of measles cases decreased to more than 7-times in 2016. However, maintaning a high immunization coverage of measles and timely vaccination can be effective in reaching the goal of measles elimination.
Yousef Alimohamadi, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Manoochehr Karami, Mehdi Yaseri, Mojtaba Lotfizad, Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: In spite of existing vaccination programs in many countries, outbreaks of pertussis are still reported. In Iran, the suspected and confirmed cases of pertussis are reported annually. Due to the lack of similar studies, the purpose of the current study was to determine the Spatio-temporal distribution of Pertussis using Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify high-risk areas in Iran during 2012-2018.
Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, registered data in the department of vaccine-preventable diseases in the Iranian ministry of health were used. To assess the temporal trend, the Cochran–Armitage test was used. To show the spatial distribution and to identify hotspot areas, Choropleth map and Getis-Ord Gi statistics were used. All analyses performed by Arc.map10.5, Stata 15 and Excel 2010.
Results: The incidence of suspect pertussis cases had an increasing trend but did not have a linear trend (p=0.06). Most of the cases happened in under 1 year infants (62.66%). The incidence of reported cases in northern areas was higher than in the Southern areas. The Zanjan had the most reported cases during the understudied period with a median of 7.63 reported cases per 100,000. The clustering of infection and hotspots were identified in northern areas of Iran including Qazvin, Qom, Markazi, and Hamadan.
Conclusion: Our results showed that the cumulative incidence of reported cases is increasing. The northern provinces had the highest incidence of Pertussis. Therefore, the causes of this spatio-temporal pattern of pertussis should be determined. Also, supervision on vaccination programs in high-risk areas is recommended.
Mehdi Shirazi, Alireza Aminsharifi, Faisal Ahmed, Alireza Makarem, Seyed Alihossein Zahraei, Naeimehossadat Asmaarian,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the outcome of retrograde endopyelotomy as a minimally invasive option for management of failed open pyeloplasty in children and assess how the duration of post-procedural stenting may affect the endopyelotomy outcome.
Methods: A total of 15 patients with secondary UPJO (Ureteropelvic junction obstruction) underwent retrograde endopyelotomy. The procedure was done using low-energy monopolar electrocautery hook under direct vision of pediatric ureteroscope and control of fluoroscopy. Double J stent was placed after the operation in all cases. Stent was removed in another session, 8 weeks (Group A, n=7) vs. 12 weeks (Group B, n=8) after endopyelotomy. Patients in both Groups were followed one, six and twelve months after the stent removal, and the anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter (APD), renal cortical thickness (CT) and degree of hydronephrosis (HDN) were recorded using the repeated measure test. P-value less than 0.05 were significant. We analyzed the data using SPSS software, version 20.
Results: The median interquartile range (IQR) age at time of surgery for group A and B were 24 (62) months and 12 (50) months respectively. Median (IQR) times between previous pyeloplasty and endopyelotomy were 6 (6) months and 12 (8.5) months in groups A and B, respectively. The success rate of endopyelotomy after 12 months was 57.1% in group A and 87.5% in group B. The resolution of HDN was more prominent in the 12 week stenting group compared to the 8 week group during the 12 months follow-up period (p=0.030). The APD and CT in group B compared to group A was improved during follow-up period.
Conclusion: A higher one-year success rate of retrograde endopyelotomy in terms of improvements in the degree of HDN, APD and CT was observed when the double j stent was remained for 12-weeks rather than 8-weeks. This observation need to be validated in a large cohort study with a long term post procedural follow up.
Ebrahim Ghaderi, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Ghobad Moradi, Elham Goodarzi, Abbas Norouzinejad, Behzad Mohsenpour, Hasan Naemi, Zaher Khazaei,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Salmonella induced infections remain one of the most important health problems worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of typhoid using GIS and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.
Methods: This study is a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.
Results: The results showed that the highest incidence of typhoid during 2009-2014 was in Kermanshah, Lorestan, Hamadan, Kurdistan, and Ilam provinces. The incidence of typhoid in Iran increased during 2009-2010. The annual incidence of typhoid decreased from 0.85 per 100,000 in 2010 to 0.5 in 2014. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Kurdistan, Ilam and Hamadan provinces with 92.17%, 46.56%, 31.74%, 25.62% and 22.96% of their areas (Km2) are at high risk for typhoid in the coming years, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering that the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, Kurdistan, Ilam, and Hamadan are at risk of typhoid incidence in the coming years in Iran, and given that salmonella infections have a direct relationship with the individual’s health status and individual’s environmental health and socioeconomic status, improving the health status and disease control in carriers as well as improving the socio-economic status of the population living in these areas can prevent the disease in the years to come.
Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Parvin Mohamadi, Ghobad Moradi, Samira Shirzadi, Fatemeh Azimian, Zaher Khazaei, Hasan Naemi, Elham Goodarzi,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, which causes inflammation of the lungs and respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of pertussis using the geographic information system (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.
Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, the ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, the disease prediction map was drawn.
using the Raster Calculator tool.
Results: The results showed that the highest incidence of pertussis during 2009-2015 was in Zanjan, Qom, Mazandaran, and Qazvin provinces. The incidence of pertussis in Iran increased from 0.74 in 2009 to 1.53 in 2015. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Qom, Mazandaran, Tehran, Qazvin, and Zanjan provinces, with 76.76%, 73.69%, 66.32%, 30.94% and 24.18% of their areas (Km2), are at high risk for pertussis in the coming years, respectively.
Conclusion: The incidence of the disease has been increasing in recent years, indicating the emergence of the disease in Iran. The modeling maps show that the Iranian provinces of Qom, Tehran, Zanjan, and Qazvin are at risk of the disease incidence in the coming years, indicating the need for planning, appropriate interventions and more precise implementation of the vaccination program against the disease.
Ghobad Moradi, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Zaher Khazaei, Parvin Mohammadi, Sirous Hemmatpour, Katayoun Hajibagheri, Fatemeh Azimian, Hasan Naemi, Elham Goodarzi,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Meningitis is classified as a medical emergency where the identification and early treatment of bacterial meningitis can eliminate serious consequences, such as hearing loss, memory problems, learning disabilities, brain damage, seizures, and death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of meningitis using Geographic Information system (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.
Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Then, the disease prediction map was drawn using the Raster Calculator tool.
Results: The results showed that the highest incidence of meningitis during 2010-2015 was in Qazvin, Qom, and Kurdistan provinces. The incidence of meningitis in Iran increased from 9.77 in 2010 to 10.33 in 2015. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamadan, and Mazandaran provinces with 78.89%, 74.68%, 70.07%, 43.97%, and 22.93% of their areas (Km2) are at high risk for meningitis in the coming years, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamedan, and Mazandaran provinces are at risk of the disease. Monitoring vaccination in high-risk groups can partially prevent the incidence of the disease in these areas.
Nima Azh, Tayebeh Najafimoghadam, Nogol Motamed-Gorji, Jalil Koohpayehzadeh, Mohsen Asadi-Lari, Nader Tavakoli, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Massomeh Goshtae, Babak Eshrati, Mehdi Moghtadaei, Seyed Abbas Motevalian, Hamid Reza Baradaran,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Health systems must have functional and efficient preparedness and response plans to manage pandemics. Moreover, it is essential to adjust to changing circumstances and the dynamic character of pandemics. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP), emphasizing 144 measures across 10 pillars, helping governments prepare and respond to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to determine how the Iranian health system, based on the WHO—SPRP, addresses strategic preparedness and response plan in the COVID-19 pandemic at the national level.
Methods: The WHO–SPRP was adopted and translated into Persian by 2 bilingual natives. The chief of the health office requested that authorized officers complete the SPRP. Then, a meeting was held by officers of related units involved in COVID-19 management to address the SPRP at regional and national levels.
Results: Our findings suggest that up to August 2020, effective risk communication and community engagement were not fully established. Our response plan lacked evidence-based information and educational messaging to consistently shape public opinion and impression of a respiratory pandemic.
Conclusion: The Iranian health care system and services were almost able to address the SPRP and perform the major indicators that the WHO had proposed. However, special attention should be paid to risk communication and community engagement to empower informed decision-making by individuals and communities.
Hossein Samadanifard, Zahra Barati, Amir Hossein Ghanooni, Delaram Eskandari, Amir Ziaee, Haleh Chehrehgosha, Fatemeh Sarv, Shadi Zahraei,
Volume 38, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, has shown some anti-inflammatory effects in patients with T2D. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of empagliflozin on some inflammatory markers in T2D.
Methods: This retrospective single-arm cohort study included 40 patients with T2D who were treated with empagliflozin. Inflammatory markers such as serum level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and serum albumin were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after empagliflozin treatment. Statistical analysis used paired samples t test, and the statistically significant level was considered P < 0.05.
Results: After 12 weeks, a significant reduction was found in ESR (17.75 ± 15.7 mm/hr to 14.72 ± 10.93 mm/hr; P = 0.025). However, the decrease in hs-CRP did not reach significance (P = 0.936).Background: Inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, has shown some anti-inflammatory effects in patients with T2D. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of empagliflozin on some inflammatory markers in T2D.
Methods: This retrospective single-arm cohort study included 40 patients with T2D who were treated with empagliflozin. Inflammatory markers such as serum level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and serum albumin were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after empagliflozin treatment. Statistical analysis used paired samples t test, and the statistically significant level was considered P < 0.05.
Results: After 12 weeks, a significant reduction was found in ESR (17.75 ± 15.7 mm/hr to 14.72 ± 10.93 mm/hr; P = 0.025). However, the decrease in hs-CRP did not reach significance (P = 0.936). NLR did not show a significant reduction (P = 0.962), but there was a trend toward a significant decrease in PLR (107 ± 33 to 100 ± 35; P = 0.053). The neutrophil count did not change significantly (P = 0.247), but the lymphocyte count significantly increased (2.43 ± 7.85 to 2.57 ± 7.45 109/l; P = 0.014). Serum albumin showed a significant increase (42.8 ± 3.4 to 45.6 ± 3.2 g/l; P < 0.001), indicating a decrease in inflammation.
Conclusion: Empagliflozin showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing ESR and PLR and increasing serum albumin and lymphocyte count in adults with T2D. Monitoring inflammatory markers can serve as an indicator of treatment effectiveness in T2D patients.
NLR did not show a significant reduction (P = 0.962), but there was a trend toward a significant decrease in PLR (107 ± 33 to 100 ± 35; P = 0.053). The neutrophil count did not change significantly (P = 0.247), but the lymphocyte count significantly increased (2.43 ± 7.85 to 2.57 ± 7.45 109/l; P = 0.014). Serum albumin showed a significant increase (42.8 ± 3.4 to 45.6 ± 3.2 g/l; P < 0.001), indicating a decrease in inflammation.
Conclusion: Empagliflozin showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing ESR and PLR and increasing serum albumin and lymphocyte count in adults with T2D. Monitoring inflammatory markers can serve as an indicator of treatment effectiveness in T2D patients.
