Showing 11 results for Culture
Seyed Abbas Bazargan, Bahman Tabaraie, Bahram Fatollahzadeh, Nasrin Moazzami,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-1997)
Abstract
Mono-specific antisera against Vibrio cholera Ogawa NIH-43 and Vibrio
cholera Inaba 35-A3 were prepared from rabbit hyperimmune sera by absorbing
against a heterologous strain. Using ammonium sulphate precipitation procedure,
gamma globulins were purified and concentrated.
To visualize antigen-antibody reaction, gamma globulins were conjugated to
Staphylococcus aureus cowan-l (NCTC: 8325) in the presence of 50% propanol-
1. Then equal suspensions of each conjugated serum were mixed to prepare V.
cholera.
Rectal swab samples from suspected choleric patients were inoculated in bile
peptone broth for 5 hours at 37°C. One drop of each sample was mixed with one
drop of VBCR and coagglutination was read at 2-3 minutes. The results were
compared with corresponding results obtained from conventional culture methods.
Specificity and sensitivity of coagglutination tests were found to be 98.03%
and 95.1 %, respectively.
Regarding the fact that rapid diagnosis of cholera is vital to save patients, our
study reveals that coagglutination test, using bivalent mono-specific antisera, can
be considered as a simple, rapid and reliable test to detect V. cholera-O 1 from stool
samples of suspected patients.
Gr Hatam, Smh Hosseini, S Ardehali,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-1997)
Abstract
F.a. Nakhjavani, F. Bonakdar Hashemi, M.t. Kalani, B. Kazemi, K. Nouri, N. Azadi, M. Haghi Ashtiani, M. Aligholi, U. Erfani, M. Abedini,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (8-2005)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: A polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers from "hpd" gene was compared
with culture for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in CSF
samples from children suspected of meningitis.
Methods: 300 cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) samples from suspected meningitis cases were studied by culture (Leventhal
& Chocolate Agar) and PCR.
Results: The latter method
could detect Hib in all 5 culture positive and in 2 of 295 culture negative
cases, showing sensitivity, specificity, and an accuracy index of 100%, 99% and
99%, respectively. The PCR result was available within a day.
Conclusion: This study has
shown that PCR is a rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic test for Hib from
CSF samples. Futthermore, to maximize management of meningitis cases to reduce
the morbidity, mortality, and complications of invasive Hib infection a
combination of culture and PCR is necessary for the detection ofHib infection. The
incidence ofHib meningitis among children in Children's Medical Center in Tehran
based on culture and PCR results were 2.4% and 1.7% respectively. Based on culture
results, Hib causes 15.6% of all cases ofbacte1ial meningitis in children.
Atosa Dorudinia, Masoud Shamaei, Shirin Karimi, Alireza Javadi, Leila Mohammadi Ziazi, Mihan Pourabdollah,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background :Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has widely used for the detection of tuberculosis (TB). This study tried to compare in-house PCR with some well-known commercial PCR kits for detection of TB agent.
Methods : Clinical samples obtained from 620 TB suspected patients were analyzed for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) by in-house PCR. All samples were obtained through pulmonary specimens consisted of 384 sputum, 148 bronchial aspirates and 88 pleural effusions.
Results :Considering culture as a golden criterion, in which its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PCR assay were 87.7% and 85.6%, respectively. The findings of this study also indicate 22.1% (137/620) of the specimens were detected as MTC by PCR. Both PCR and culture confirmed presence of MTC in 57 of the samples. In comparison to culture, the diagnostic sensitivity of PCR for sputum was 87.5% (42/48), bronchial aspirates 100% (12/12), and 60% (3/5) for pleural effusions. The sensitivity of in-house PCR method is comparable with the sensitivity of Amplicor and CobasTaqMan for MTC.
Conclusion :The study illustrates the in-house PCR assay for detection of MTC has high sensitivity and specificity versus approved commercial kits. This could be reliable test in the diagnosis of MTC in resource-limited countries.
Saber Azami-Aghdash, Farbod Ebadifard Azar, Aziz Rezapour, Akbar Azami, Vahid Rasi, Khalil Klvany,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background:
healthcare organizations is being increasingly used. The aim of this study was to clarify PSC status
in Iranian hospitals using a meta-analysis method.
Nowadays, for quality improvement, measuring patient safety culture (PSC) inMethods
SID and IranMedex using the search terms including patient safety, patient safety culture, patient
safety climate and combined with hospital (such as “hospital survey on patient safety culture”),
measurement, assessment, survey and Iran. A total of 11 articles which conducted using Hospital
Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire initially were reviewed. To estimate
overall PSC status and perform the meta-analyses, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software
v. 2 was employed.
: Six databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Magiran,Results
units” dimension received the highest score of PSC (67.4%) and “Non-punitive response to error”
the lowest score (32.4%). About 41% of participants in reviewed articles evaluate their hospitals’
performance in PSC as ‘excellent/very good’. Approximately %52.7 of participants did not report
any adverse event in the past 12 months.
: The overall PSC score based on the random model was 50.1%. “Teamwork within hospitalConclusion
Among the 12 dimensions of HSOPSC questionnaire, the “Non-punitive response to error” achieved
the lowest score and could be a priority for future interventions. In this regard, hospitals staff should
be encouraged to report adverse event without fear of punitive action.
: The results of this study show that Iranian hospitals’ performances in PSC were poor.
Shahin Soltani, Amirhossein Takian, Ali Akbari Sari, Reza Majdzadeh, Mohammad Kamali,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background: People with disability experience various problems to access to healthcare services. This study aimed to identify cultural barriers in access to healthcare services for people with disability in Iran.
Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using content analysis to identify the cultural barriers. We used semi-structured interviews to collect data. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling with maximum variation. 50 individual interviews were conducted with three groups of people with disability, healthcare services providers and policy makers, September to May 2015, at different locations in Tehran, Iran.
Results: We identified a number of different cultural barriers in access to health services for people with disability in Iran. These related to health service providers, namely reluctance to provide health services and disrespect; related to People with disability, namely denial of disability, disproportionate expectation, shame and insufficient sociocultural supports; and related to policy makers, namely lack of concern, little attention to the culture of disability and discrimination. We categorized misconception as a barrier that was observed at all levels of the society.
Conclusion: Disability is a reality that some human being may experience and live with it. The negative attitude towards people with disability has a close relationship with the cultural norms of a society. The culture of disability in different dimensions should be a priority for all policy makers. Removing cultural barriers in access to healthcare for people with a disability needs collective efforts and collaborations among all stakeholders.
Seyed Jamaledin Tabibi, Parvin Ebrahimi, Mozhgan Fardid, Mir Sajad Amiri,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: The significance and influence of organizational culture on Information Technology acceptance, especially in healthcare field, has been recognized as a source of organizational inertia. This study aimed at developing a model of Hospital Information System (HIS) acceptance for non-teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences to encourage the authorities to promote organizational culture and successful application of HIS.
Methods: The proposed model was developed according to Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire (MOAQ), Harrison, Hofstede models, and Comparative Values Framework (CVF). The questionnaires were designed based on the model and distributed among 400 HIS users in the hospitals under study, who were selected using stratified random sampling. The structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis in LISREL software.
Results: According to the final model, the influences of developmental culture on perceived usefulness, the relationship of 4 types of organizational culture with mandatoriness according to CVF, and the relationships of hierarchical and developmental culture with system use were attested. The relationships between supervision and 4 variables of HIS acceptance were confirmed. Furthermore, the influence of process/ result oriented culture on user satisfaction was demonstrated. The normed chi square index (2.60) revealed that the final model was fitted to the data. The indices were as follow: GFI= 0.95, CFI= 0.97, AGFI= 0.88, RMSEA= 0.064.
Conclusion: The components and structural relationships in the model of this study are applicable in the related hospitals, and using this model can promote organizational culture and acceptance of HIS by the users.
Unaib Rabbani, Zafar Fatmi,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: Injuries are common among agricultural workers, and a large section of the population is employed in agriculture worldwide. We aimed to determine the incidence, patterns and associated risk factors of occupational injuries among the agricultural workers in a developing country.
Methods: A cross-sectional study in Hyderabad, Pakistan was conducted from December 2012 to February 2013. Information was collected about incidence, pattern and associated risk factors of occupational injuries from 472 agricultural workers. Injury incidence and patterns for place, severity, type, agent, parts of body affected and work activity were calculated. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 19.0. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval, to identify the putative risk factors for occupational injuries.
Results: Incidence of occupational injuries was 35.0 per 100 per year (95% CI: 28.9 - 42.7). Cuts (70%) and hand tools (71%) were the most common type and agent for injury, respectively. Majority of injuries occurred during harvesting (55%). Increasing age [AOR 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01 - 1.05)], income <6000PKR/month [AOR 2.27 (95% CI: 1.08 - 4.76)] and driving tractor [AOR 2.58 (95% CI: 1.25 -5.33)] increase the risk for injuries.
Conclusion: There was a high burden of injuries among the agricultural workers in Pakistan. Large-scale studies are required to further characterize the risk of injuries and develop preventive strategies to protect agricultural workers.
Seyed Kazem Malakouti, Fariba Karimzadeh, Sara Minaeian, Azar Islami, Mahdi Rezaei, Roshanak Ghods,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: It has been widely acknowledged that change and constant modification is the key to survive for any organization among their rivals. Since success in implementing changes in the organization strongly depends on the organizational culture, this study aims to assess the organizational culture in Iran University of Medical Sciences. The results of this study can be beneficial in initiating a movement towards the third – and fourth generation of universities.
Methods: This study is descriptive-correlational. The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) was employed to collect data. A questionnaire was sent to the faculty members via email, and the responses were collected and analyzed.
Results: Out of the 982 faculty members, 189 participated (20.7%) in this study. Analysis showed that the organizational culture of the university is congruent and harmonious and in the current state, it is primarily hierarchical (31%) and market-oriented (28%) with emphasis on stability and control in the organization. Whereas, faculty members tend to move the organizational culture of the university towards adhocracy (30%) and clan culture (29%).
Conclusion: University administrators must strengthen the culture of innovation and creativity based on the needs of the market. This only can be achieved by supporting teamwork in their move towards desired change.
Shoboo Rahmati, Abbas Bahrampour, Mahshid Nasehi, Ali Mirzazadeh, Hosna Ghaderi, Armita Shahesmaeili,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest known diseases in humans, and early detection of tuberculosis is one of the main measures to decrease the spread of tuberculosis. In many parts of the world, including Iran, the diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the detection of acid-fast bacillus in sputum smear microscopy and PCR. this study aimed to synthesize evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of sputum smear and PCR compared to sputum culture for the diagnosis of PT in Iranian patients.
Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on PRISMA guideline for systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies were cross-sectional original diagnostic studies published in English and Persian in Iran which examined the sensitivity or specificity(study outcome) of sputum smear microscopy or PCR( as the test) relative to sputum culture (as the gold standard/comparator) among Iranian patients suspected of having tuberculosis( study population). Studies whose data were not complete or extractable were excluded.
Results: A total of 3518 subjects were evaluated from 15 eligible studies. The pooled sensitivity of sputum smear and PCR was 75.12 (95% CI: 66.68-83.56) and 88.02 (95% CI: 82.87-93.27), respectively. The specificity for sputum smear and PCR was 93.94 (95% CI: 91.26-96.63) and 91.82 (95% CI: 87.29-96.35) respectively. The sensitivity of both sputum smears was higher in studies published after 2010, and had higher quality. The specificity of sputum smear was a bit lower in studies published after2010 but higher in studies with higher quality. The specificity of PCR was higher in studies published after 2010 but higher in studies with higher quality.
Conclusion: The increased sensitivity of sputum smear and PCR during recent years suggests the improvement of preparation and laboratory methods in recent years. However, the imperfect sensitivity of these tests highlights the need for a more accurate diagnostic method for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran.
Deniz Fardi, Ali Montazeri,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
This short communication reflects on this year’s mental health day. The theme for this year is ‘Mental health is a universal human right’. However, here the focus is on simple instances (politeness, and the culture of apology) to highlight how these could contribute to improved psychological well-being and mental health. It is hoped that by insisting on such deeds we could spread kindness in our community to make it a safer place for living and make life more enjoyable regardless of its all difficulties and limitations.
