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Showing 2 results for Principal Component Analysis
General practitioners' views on key factors affecting their desired income: A principal component analysis approach
Mohsen Bayati, Arash Rashidian, Ali Akbari Sari, Sara Emamgholipour,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract

Background: Based on the target income hypothesis, the economic behavior of physicians is mainly affected by their target income. This study aimed at designing an instrument to explain how general practitioners (GPs) set their desired income.
   Methods: A self-administered questionnaire of affecting factors on GPs' target income was extracted from literature reviews and a small qualitative study. Respondents were 666 GPs who completed the questionnaire (response rate= 52%) during 2 seasonal congresses of Iranian GPs. The principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was used to classify the variables and data reduction. Sample adequacy test, sphericity test, eigenvalues of components, and scree plot were evaluated for PCA. Cronbach's alpha was also checked to assess the internal consistency of the principal components.
   Results: The results of the KMO measure of sampling adequacy (0.657) and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (809.05, p<0.001) revealed that the collected data were suitable for PCA.
Based on the scree plot pattern and eigenvalues greater than 1, 6 components including perceived comparative income, importance of responsiveness to patients, perceived socioeconomic status, economic expectations, socioeconomic status of paternal family, and provision of luxury services were selected, which explained 65.19% of the total variance. Finally, only those with a Cronbach's alpha value higher than 0.6 were considered reliable (the first 4 components). 
   Conclusion: Based on the target income hypothesis, a physician’s desired level of income affects their behavior. Our developed instrument and its mentioned components can be used in future studies related to GPs' behavior, especially those studies related to the economic aspects of GPs’ behavior. It also helps formulate a better payment mechanism for primary care providers. 
 


Association between Major Dietary Patterns at Breakfast and Odds of Major Depressive Disorder: A Case-control Study
Hossein Shahinfar, Sakineh Shab-Bidar, Mohammad Effatpanah, Reza Askari, Shima Jazayeri,
Volume 38, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: No study was conducted to investigate the association between principal component (PCA) derived meal-based dietary patterns and odds of major depressive disorder. We aimed to explore the association between major dietary patterns at breakfast and odds  of major depressive disorder (MDD).
   Methods: A total of 200 drug-free patients with MDD and 200 healthy individuals were enrolled in this age- and sex-matched case-control study. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. PCA was applied to identify meal-based dietary patterns. The Beck Depression Inventory-II questionnaire was used for screening depression in the control group. A trained interviewer documented socioeconomic status and anthropometric measurements using standardized procedures. Conditional logistic regression was performed to find the association between patterns and MDD odds.
   Results: The mean age of the participants was 45.4 ± 10.7 years and 67.5% (270 participants) were women. We identified 3 major dietary patterns at breakfast including "healthy," "oil and egg," and " legumes and condiments" patterns. High adherence to healthy dietary patterns was associated with decreased odds of MDD (odds ratio (OR), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.32, 0.94); P = 0.030). Neither “oil and egg” nor “legumes and condiments” patterns were associated with MDD.
   Conclusion: Healthy dietary patterns were associated with lower odds of MDD. However, no significant relationship was detected between the “oil and egg pattern” and “legumes and condiments pattern” and the odds of MDD. Recommendations for reducing the odds of MDD can be focused on increasing adherence to healthy dietary patterns at breakfast. It is recommended to conduct prospective design studies to confirm these findings.
 
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