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Showing 3 results for Social Support
Identifying associated factors with social capital using path analysis: A population-based survey in Tehran, Iran (Urban HEART-2)
Mohsen Asadi-Lari, Jafar Hassanzadeh, Mansour Torabinia, Mohammad Reza Vaez-Mahdavi, Ali Montazeri, Haleh Ghaem, Rostam Menati, Mohsen Niazi, Aziz Kassani,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract

Background: Social capital has been defined as norms, networks, and social links that facilitate collective actions. Social capital is related to a number of main social and public health variables. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the factors associated with social capital among the residents of Tehran, Iran.

  Methods: In this large cross-sectional population-based study, 31531 residents aged 20 years and above were selected through multi-stage sampling method from 22 districts of Tehran in 2011. The social capital questionnaire, 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) were used. Hypothetical causal models were designed to identify the pathways through which different variables influenced the components of social capital. Then, path analysis was conducted for identifying the determinants of social capital.

  Results: The most influential variables in ‘individual trust’ were job status (β=0.37, p=0.02), marital status (β=0.32, p=0.01), Physical Component Summary (PCS) (β=0.37, p=0.02), and age (β=0.34, p=0.03). On the other hand, education level (β=0.34, p=0.01), age (β=0.33, p=0.02), marital status (β=0.33, p=0.01), and job status (β=0.32, p=0.01) were effective in ‘cohesion and social support’. Additionally, age (β=0.18, p=0.02), PCS (β=0.36, p=0.01), house ownership (β=0.23, p=0.03), and mental health (β=0.26, p=0.01) were influential in ‘social trust/collective relations’.

  Conclusion: Social capital can be improved in communities by planning to improve education and occupation status, paying more attention to strengthening family bonds, and provision of local facilities and neighborhood bonds to reduce migration within the city. 


Perceived social support and self-esteem in sexual violence victims
Shadab Shahali, Hedyeh Riazi, Shima Alaei, Mohammadali Emamhadi, Fatemeh Salmaney,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: Sexual violence can lead to serious consequences. Few studies have simultaneously evaluated Perceived Social Support and Self-Esteem of sexual violence victims. This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and perceived social support among sexual violence victims.
   Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in forensic medical centers and all health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences of Tehran. This study included 66 women in the sexual violence group (Women were considered sexual violence victims if vaginal or anal penetration had occurred) and 147 subjects in the non- sexual violence group (Women with no experience of sexual violence). Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Social support Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical software version 22. The significance level for all tests was considered as p<0.05.
   Results: There were significant differences in the levels of perceived social support in all subscales between the two groups and it was higher in non-sexual violence group (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the self-esteem level between the two groups. There was a minor significant positive correlation between self-esteem level of the sexually abused victims and perceived social support level (r=0.274, p=0.026). Others relationships were not found to be statistically significant.
   Conclusion: Our results indicate that the female victims of sexual violence had low social support from their family, friends in their life, However friend's support had a minor positive effect on their self-esteem.
Predictors of Adherence to Treatment in Hemodialysis Patients: A Structural Equation Modeling
Behnaz Asadizaker, Mahin Gheibizadeh, Saeed Ghanbari, Marzieh Araban,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Non-compliance to the treatment is a major problem in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to determine factors predicting adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients in selected cities of Khuzestan province, Iran.
   Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 patients undergoing hemodialysis in Ahvaz, Shush, Shushtar, and Dezful cities. The data collection tools were ESRD-AQ, perceived health, perceived social support, Beck Depression, self-efficacy, and demographic and clinical factors questionnaires.  Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationship between various exogenous and endogenous or mediating variables.
   Results: The results showed that all predicting variables of perceived social support, depression, self-efficacy, and perceived health had been associated with the variable of adherence to treatment. Accordingly, there was a reverse correlation between social support and depression (p< 0.001, r= -0.94), as well as depression and self-efficacy (p< 0.001, r= -0.87). There was a direct correlation between self-efficacy and perceived health (p< 0.001, r= 0.79), perceived health and adherence to treatment (p< 0.001, r= 0.72). Fitness indices also indicate the adequacy of the proposed model (X2/df= 4.94, CD=0.937, SRMR=0.076, TLI= 0.870, CFI= 0.873, RMSEA= 0.071). 
   Conclusion: The results showed that high social support, low level of depression, high perceived self-efficacy, and high perceived health predicted better compliance with the treatment in hemodialysis patients. The proposed model can be used as a framework to improve adherence to treatment regimens in hemodialysis patients.

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