Showing 13 results for Trend
S.m.t. Ayatollahi, S. Pour-Ahmad, Z. Shayan,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (11-2006)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Secular trends in stature, weight and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) of 2397 school children (1268 boys and 1129 girls) of the same age (6.5-11.5 years) and sex in representative samples from primary schools of Shiraz (southern Iran) at an interval of 15 years (1988 vs 2003) are reported.
Methods: Cross-sectional weight, height and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) curves were created for both sexes. One sample t-tests were utilized to analyze differences between average height, weight and MUAC of the 1988 and 2003 samples (the values of the previous study treated as constant).
Results: Both samples included children of various socio-economic backgrounds for both males and females of each age-class. There are significant positive secular trends in stature, weight and MUAC of children born in the post-war period sampled in 2003. These children are generally taller, heavier, and larger than their peers of 15 years earlier born pre- and during the imposed war period of Iraq against Iran. The 2003 sample shows less growth deficits in relation to the CDC reference data.
Conclusion: The positive trend can be explained as the result of economic development and improvement of social and health indicators in Iran in the post-war period.
Nasim Vahabi, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad, Ramazan Fallah,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: Growth failure in children less than five years old can lead to the serious complications such as increased mortality, learning difficulties or physical disability. The aim of this study was to investigate the non-organic factors affecting the growth trend in less than two years children living in Zanjan, Iran.
Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of 3566 children less than two years old in Zanjan. Weight and length growth trends were recorded as ordinal variables and analyzed by longitudinal marginal model.
Results: About 12% (n=289) and 8% (n=212) of children had at least one decline/stagnation in the weight and length growth curve, respectively. Based on the marginal model, the effect of the child’s age and residence area on the weight and length growth trends were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Given the relatively high prevalence of growth failure among studied children less than two years old in rural areas of Zanjan, raising the awareness of parents in rural areas about feeding and nutritional behaviors of children seems an important issue. Additionally, healthcare providers should mostly focus on monitoring the growth of children older than 12 months.
Edris Abdifard, Sudabe Amini, Sattar Bab, Nasim Masroor, Alice Khachian, Mohammad Heidari,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: As the third leading cause of death, cancers have a special place in the Iranian health system. Several studies have been done in some regions of the country with few years of follow-ups, but this was the first standardized study to investigate the incidence trends of colorectal cancer in Iran in a one-decade period.
Methods: The registered data for colorectal cancer cases in National Cancer Registry System were extracted from the Center for Disease Control & Management of Ministry of Health. The codes from 18 to 21 among cancers were selected for colon and rectum cancers. Incidence rates were directly standardized, using WHO population. The significance of incidence rate trends was tested through Poisson regression.
Results: In this study, 36,650 cases of colorectal cancer were observed for 10 years in Iran, which increased from 813 cases in 2000 to 6,210 cases in 2009. Gender ratio of men to women was 1.39. Significant increasing trends of colorectal cancer were observed during the period of the study. The standardized incidence rate increased from 1.6 per 100,000 persons per year in 2000 to 11.3 in 2009 in males (p<0.001), and it increased from 1.6 per 100,000 persons per year in 2000 to 10.9 in 2009 in females (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Colorectal cancer has an increasing trend in Iran. The rising trend of colorectal cancer as well as other types of cancers is partially due to improvement in cancer registry systems in the early years of registry. Moreover, westernized lifestyle and an increase in environmental risks could explain this rising trend.
Mahta Salehi, Maryam Salehi, Soodabeh Shahidsales, Golboo Goshayeshi, Maryam Emadzadeh, Mehdi Seilanian Toosi, Seyed-Amir Aledavood, Seyede Samaneh Hoseini, Pardis Shojaei,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer (LC) is a global public health priority. In this study, the epidemiology and current trends of primary LCs were investigated in northeast of Iran.
Methods: Demographic and pathologic records of primary LCs during 1985-2012 in Mashhad (capital of northeast of Iran) were reviewed. Data were obtained from archives of the largest referral oncologic hospital and the only private outpatient radiation-oncologic clinic in the region. To investigate trends, study duration was classified into 3 periods: 1985-1995, 1995-2005, and 2005-2012. Patients were placed in one of these 3 groups, based on the date of their pathologic diagnosis. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. T test, chi-squared, and ANOVA tests were used for data analysis, and statistical significant level was set at < 0.05.
Results: Among 939 cases with pathologic diagnosis of primary LC, male-to-female ratio was 2.36. Mean±SD age at diagnosis was 61.47±12.01 years in males and 58.45±12.75 in females (p=0.001). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequent pathologic subtype. Mean age at diagnosis and rate of smokers were unchanged during the study (p= 0.978 and 0.153, respectively). Relative frequency of leading pathologic subtypes changed in 3 intervals (p<0.001): it was increasing in adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma and decreasing in SCC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). There were statistically significant differences in the mean age at diagnosis (p<0.001), rate of smokers (p<0.001), and male-to-female ratio (p=0.011) between leading pathologic subtypes.
Conclusion: Similar to universal picture, rate of adenocarcinoma in northeast of Iran was rising during recent decades, especially among younger patients, women, and nonsmokers. These trends are indicative of changes in exposures and smoking habits and reveal the need for regional studies in these contexts.
Shahram Sedghi, Maryam Razmgir, Mina Moradzadeh,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the trends in the scientific output of Iran published in PubMed indexed journals. To the best of our knowledge, there was no previous study to examine the Iranian scientific output in all fields of health and biomedical sciences.
Methods: Using a bibliometric approach, we tracked 140 years (between 1877 and 2016) of Iranian scientific productions in PubMed. The journals which papers widely published over them were analyzed. The metadata of journals was extracted from Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Scimago Journal & Country Rank. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data was elaborated from the World Bank to evaluate the relationship with research output. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient at p<0.01 significance level and reported the data in a scatterplot.
Results: We identified 106 226 documents produced by Iranian authors in journals indexed in PubMed since 1877. The number of papers climbed dramatically in 2000 and afterward, and this was consistent with the country’s GDP. Although the scientific contribution of Iranian researchers is remarkable, 67% of papers (26 978 out of 106 226) were published in local Journals categorized into quartile 3 and 4 of WoS and Scopus. The study shows that GDP growth has had a positive influence on publication output (r=0.738, p<0.001).
Conclusion: This is the first study with a panorama view of Iran’s contribution to biomedical literature. Based on the results of our survey, although the number of Iranian publications rose over time but they are mostly published in low ranked journals. Health policy-makers advise reconsidering the criteria for measuring research activities. Improving policies will help researchers to publish in higher ranked journals.
Masoud Salehi, Nasim Vahabi, Hassan Pirhoseini, Farid Zayeri,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a serious health problem with a remarkable global burden. In this study, we aimed to assess the trend of TB mortality in Asian and North African countries in the period 1990-2017 and provide a new classification according to TB mortality trend.
Methods: TB mortality rates from 1990 to 2017 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease website for 55 Asian and North African countries. Trend analysis of TB mortality rates for males, females, and the total population was performed using the marginal modeling approach. Moreover, the latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) framework was applied to classify these 55 countries based on their trend of TB mortality rate.
Results: In the period between 1990 and 2017, South Asia and High Income Asia-Pacific regions had the highest and lowest death rates due to TB, respectively. The marginal modeling results showed that the Asian and North African countries had experienced a downward trend with an intercept of 28.79 (95%CI: 19.64, 37.94) and a slope (mean annual reduction) of -0.67 (95%CI: -0.91, -0.43) per 100,000 the study period. Finally, the LGMM analysis classified these 55 countries into four distinct classes.
Conclusion: In general, our findings revealed that although the countries in Asia and North Africa super region experienced a descending TB mortality trend in the past decades, the slope of this reduction is quite small. Also, our new classification may be better suited for combating TB through future healthcare planning in lieu of the commonly used geographic classifications.
Mohammadreza Balooch Hasankhani, Farid Zayeri, Mahboobehh Rasouli, Masoud Salehi,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Despite global efforts, human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still one of the major public health problems in the entire world. In this context, assessing the burden of this disease in different parts of the world is of great importance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the trends of HIV/AIDS incidence and mortality in Iran during 1990 and 2017.
Methods: The HIV/AIDS burden data, including the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and the mortality rate (ASMR), was extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases 2017 study for the total Iranian population and by gender from 1990 to 2017. The trend analysis was performed using joinpoint regression modeling approach.
Results: The obtained results showed that in 2017, the HIV/AIDS ASIR and ASMR were, respectively, more than 12 and 10 times of these rates in 1990. Also, the estimated average annual percent change (AAPC) was 9.8% and 8.7%, respectively for the ASIR and the ASMR. In this period, women have experienced a sharper slope of ASIR and ASMR trends compared with Iranian men.
Conclusion: The increasing trend of HIV/AIDS burden is a serious alarm for the Iranian health policymakers. To achieve the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS goals, there is an urgent need for an efficient national action plan that breaks the HIV/AIDS taboo in the society, promote access to HIV testing and prevention facilities, especially among the key populations, and provide care and treatments for all infected people.
Masoud Mohammadi, Gholamreza Roshandel, Seyed Javad Ghazimirsaeid, Marzieh Zarinbal, Molukosadat Hosseini Beheshti, Fatemeh Sheikhshoaei,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Mapping scientific trends is one of the most important missions of scientometric research for effective research. The main goal of this paper was to visualize and draw the intellectual and cognitive structures of information retrieval (IR) in the medical sciences using science mapping.
Methods: In this cross-sectional scientometric study, we recruited all documents indexed in the Web of Science database with the topic of storing and retrieval of information in medical sciences. To analyze the results, 3 software, SciMAT-v1.1.04, VOSviewer-v1.6.14, CitNetExplorer_v1.0.0, were used.
Results: Our results showed that most scientific productions in this field fall into 2 categories: (1) effective methods of organizing information and (2) application and operation of the IR system in the process of intelligent questioning and answering, and analyzing information behaviors of physicians and health professionals. The results showed that the similarity index increased over time from 0.43 to 0.71. Analysis of the findings showed that similarity measures, expert systems, concepts, experience, answers, and multimodel IR clusters were considered as mature and completely centralized clusters in the first quarter of the strategic chart.
Conclusion: Because of the dramatic approximation of the vocabulary used by researchers and a relative slowdown in the growth rate of the subject's domain in the last decade, it seems necessary to pay attention to the expansion of the fields of IR and the application of its concepts in medical information sciences. Also, it can be recommended that designers of IR systems and techniques in medical information sciences pay more attention to human factors attentively to develop new technologies and tools.
Niloofar Peykari, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Shirin Djalalini, Nazila Rezaei, Anita Mansouri, Shohreh Naderimagham, Parinaz Mehdipour, Forough Pazhuheian, Alireza Khajavi, Rosa Haghshenas, Negar Mahmoudi, Zohreh Mahmoudi, Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand, Kamyar Rezaee, Bagher Larijani, Ardeshir Khosravi, Farshad Farzadfar,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Following global commitments to prevent and control non-communicable diseases, we sought to estimate national and sub-national trends in diabetes mortality in Iran and assess its association with socioeconomic factors.
Methods: In a systematic analytical study, to assess the correlation between diabetes mortality and socioeconomic factors, we used data obtained from the Death Registration System (DRS), the Spatio-temporal model and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) levels and the diabetes mortality trends, which were estimated by sex, age and year at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2015.
Results: Between the years 1990 and 2015, the age-standardized diabetes mortality rate (per 100,000) increased from 3.40 (95% UI: 2.33 to 4.99) to 7.72 (95% UI: 5.51 to 10.78) in males and from 4.66 (95% UI: 3.23 to 6.76) to 10.38 (95% UI: 7.54 to 14.23) in females. In 1990, the difference between the highest age-standardized diabetes mortality rate among males was 3.88 times greater than the lowest (5.97 vs. 1.54), and in 2015 this difference was 3.96 times greater (14.65 vs. 3.70). This provincial difference was higher among females and was 5.13 times greater in 1990 (8.41 vs. 1.64) and 5.04 times greater in 2015 (19.87 vs. 3.94). The rate of diabetes mortality rose with urbanization yet declined with an increase in wealth and years of schooling as the main socio-economic factors.
Conclusion: The rising trend of diabetes mortality rate at the national level and the sub-national disparities associated with socioeconomic status in Iran warrant the implementation of specific interventions recommended by the ‘25 by 25’ goal.
Masoud Salehi, Mehdi Aziz-Mohammadilooha, Fatemeh Masaebi, Farid Zayeri,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Life expectancy is one of the key indicators for investigating the overall health status of a population. Thus, analyzing the trend of this demographic measure is of great importance for planning health and social services in different societies. In this study, we aimed to model the trends of life expectancy in Asia, regions of Asia, and Iran over the past six decades.
Methods: The annual life expectancy at birth data sets were extracted for Iran and the total Asia population between 1960 and 2020 from the database provided by the Our World in Data website. The trend analysis was performed using the joinpoint regression model.
Results: During the study period, Iranians and Asians have, respectively, experienced about 32 and 28.6 years increase in life expectancy. The results from joinpoint regression showed that the average annual percent change (AAPC) of life expectancy was positive for all regions of Asia, and ranged from 0.4% for Central Asia to 0.9% for Southern Asia. In addition, the estimated AAPC in Iranian people was about 0.1 higher than the total Asian population (0.9% vs. 0.8%).
Conclusion: Despite protracted wars, poverty, and social inequality in some parts of Asia, life expectancy has drastically increased in this continent over the last decades. However, life expectancy in Asia (and Iran) is still remarkably lower than in more developed parts of the world. To elevate life expectancy to a higher level, the policymakers in Asian countries should put more effort into improving the standards of living and access to health facilities in their societies.
Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, Erfan Shamsoddin, Peyman Ghasemi, Mona Nasser, Bita Mesgarpour,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: Lockdowns due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced many dental offices to be closed. This study aims to investigate the association between COVID-19 imposed lockdowns and online searches for toothache using Google Trends (GT).
Methods: We investigated GT online searches for the term “toothache” within the past 5 years. The time frame for data gathering was considered as the initiation and end dates of national/regional lockdowns in each country. We used 1-way analysis of variance to identify statistical differences in relative search volumes (RSVs) between 2020 and 2016-2019 for each country.
Results: Overall, 16 countries were included in our analyses. Among all countries, Indonesia (n = 100), Jamaica (n = 56), Philippines (n = 56), Iran (n = 52), and Turkey (47) had the highest RSVs for toothache in the specified period. Compared with the previous 4 years, higher RSVs were seen in the world (as a whole) (2020 RSVs, 94.4; vs 2019 RSVs, 77.8 [P < 0.001]) and 13 countries (81.3% of the included countries).
Conclusion: Generally, searching for the term “toothache” showed an increase during the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 compared with the past 4 years. This can imply the importance of dental care as urgent medical care during public health emergencies such as COVID-19.
Atousa Poursheikhali, Reza Dehnavieh, Aliakbar Haghdoost, Seyed Mehdi Seyedi, Amir Hushang Heidari, Ali Masoud, Moosa Bamir, Mohammad Reza Chashmyazdan, Sayyid Mohammad Keyhan Sajady,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: Medical education system in Iran has an essential role in responding to scientific development targets from both education and research perspectives. Investigating future trends and analyzing how they interact with the medical education system helps increase awareness and give insight into the preferred future.
Methods: The present qualitative study consists of Systematic reviews and interviews that have been analyzed using content analysis. Afterward, the themes and codes were visualized in the form of maps and presented in a focus group discussion of experts to define how medical education trends will impact scientific development.
Results: The future trends of Iran's medical education system were classified into six groups: workplace changes, demographic changes, changes in concepts, the emergence of new players, structural changes in universities, and technology development. The next point is how they will influence science development. Their impact on science development is classified into five main groups or main streams of change of new financial models, open science, redesigning the research management, the role of universities, and capacity building.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that redesigning the structure of medical education is the most important priority to make the system as agile as needed to capture the signs and act. New meanings and concepts should also be considered in restructuring, like power balance, competency-based and personalized education, cost-effectiveness, and openness.
Farshid Sharifi, Reza Malekpour Afshar, Azam Bazrafshan, Ashraf Yazdizadeh, Moghaddameh Mirzaee,
Volume 38, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Studies show that right-sided colon cancer (RCC) is more likely to be fatal than left-sided colon cancer (LCC). This study aimed to compare survival rates and characteristics of both types. In addition, this study focused on evaluating the diagnosis of colon cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that examined 582 patients treated for left and right colon cancer from March 2012 to March 2013 in Kerman province. Data were collected from a retrospective cohort, and the outcome was death due to colon cancer. The effect of tumor location on survival was evaluated using Cox regression analysis. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the trend of the number of colon cancer patients was analyzed using time series models.
Results: The overall 5-year survival of patients was equal to 62.6% and the mean age was 59.94 ± 15.06 years. The 5-year survival rate of the tumor location on the right side was 59.5% and on the left side was 65.6%. The risk of death from RCC was 53.6% higher than from LCC. The hazard ratio (HR) from RCC compared with LCC was higher in older patients (HR, 1.402; 95% CI, 1.001-1.976), urban areas (HR, 1.608; 95% CI, 1.158-2.235), adenocarcinoma (HR, 1.703; 95% CI, 1.254-2.312), well-differentiated (HR, 2.325; 95% CI, 1.001-5.401), and moderately differentiated tumor grade (HR, 1.421; 95% CI, 1.002-2.016). The expected number of colon cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic was 3.5, 2, and 1.9 times the identified cases in the first 3, 6, and 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: The risk of death for RCC was higher than for LCC, and the risk of death from RCC was higher in older adults, urban areas, adenocarcinoma, and well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumor grades than the risk of death from LCC. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in colon cancer diagnoses.
