Showing 8 results for Vaccination
Samile Noorbakhsh, Farzaneh Ashtiani, Shahnaz Rimaz, Masomeh Bakhshayesh,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2004)
Abstract
To determine the frequency of mumps infection in children hospitalized with aseptic
meningoencephalitis ( ME), as well as its correlation with parotiditis, this case-series
study was conducted in the pediatric ward ofRasool Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran,
from 1 999 to 2001.
T he blood samples of these patients were tested for specific IgM antibody for
mumps by Elisa method. The results of this study showed that 62.7% of children with
ME were IgM positive, and the remaining (37.3%) were IgM negative. There was a
significant correlation between positive IgM and the presence of parotiditis. However,
no correlation was noted between age, sex and season with IGM positivity except for
CSF changes (aseptic meningitis) between the two groups. It can be concluded that the
presence of neural symptoms (especially aseptic meningitis) in children less than 7 years
of age with parotiditis could indicate mumps ME, especially in the spring. Due to a
higher percentage of unvaccinated young persons « 15yr old) in Iran, probably the
incidence rate of mumps infection and its sequelae are higher compared with its incidence
in developed countries before massive vaccination. Therefore with massive vaccination
ofIranian young people « 20yr old), the costs of mumps infection and its
sequelae will decrease.
Salman Khazaei, Shahab Rezaeian, Mokhtar Soheylizad, Behzad Gholamaliee,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background :Although the incidence of animal bite is increasing in Iran, there is no sufficient knowledge about delayed Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate delayed PEP and its associated factors in bitten people.
Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tuyserkan district of Hamadan Province (West of Iran) from February 2011 to February 2012 and included 425 cases of animal bites recorded in the Rabies Treatment Center (RTC) using the census method. The associations between delayed PEP and each of the potential risk factors were investigated using Chi-square test.
Results : Of 425 registered cases, 71.8% were male and 81.2% were from rural areas. The mean age of the subjects was 32.4 years (±21.3). Dogs were the most frequent source of exposure (69.4%), and the most common bitten part of the body was legs (49.4%). With respect to the wounds, 16.2% of the cases had deep injuries. Overall, 37.2% of the cases received timely PEP (less than 6 hours).
Delayed PEP was associated with sex (p= 0.001), type of animal (p= 0.020), injury status (p<0.001), place of residence (p= 0.006) and distance from RTC (p<0.001).
Conclusion : Although all victims of animal bite injuries suspected to be rabid, they received complete PEP. However, delayed time of PEP was still very high. The factors associated with delayed PEP may help health care workers to prevent adverse disease outcomes. Furthermore, considering the results of this study, it is highly recommended that proper attention and emphasis be given to public educational programs on dog behavior, dog-child interaction, the risk of dog bites and bite wound management for the general population, particularly children.
Behzad Bijani, Abbas Allami, Farzaneh Jafari, Fatemeh Hajmanoochehri, Soroush Bijani,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: Accidental exposure to sharp instruments is an important problem for health care students. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the rate of immunity in health care students 2 decades after national neonatal hepatitis B (HB) vaccination.
Methods: All junior students attending medicine, nursing and midwifery schools were screened for anti-HBs. One dose of hepatitis B vaccine was offered to all participants who did not have antibodies to HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) of > 10 IU/L; then, they were tested for anti-HBs after a month. The participants were classified into 3 groups: postboosting nonimmune, postboosting immune, and preboosting immune. Chi square test and ANOVA were used for data analysis.
Results: In the first step, 65.20% of participants did not show immunity, but after receiving a booster dose, only 6.0% remained nonimmune. The mean age of nonimmune students was significantly higher than that of students who had postboosting immune and preboosting immune status (p=0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Also, the mean injection time from last shot was higher in postboosting immune group compared to preboosting immune group (p<0.001). Also, prebooster anti-HBs level was significantly different among participants with suboptimal response and those who developed anamnestic response, indicating preserved immune memory (p=0.001).
Conclusion: High anamnestic response to HBV booster dose indicates sufficient immunity to HBV in the majority of health care students. However, identifying students who cannot respond to a booster dose of vaccine seems to be necessary at the beginning of health care courses.
Saeed Kalantari, Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan, Saedeh Ebrahimi, Zeynab Yassin, Seyed Hamid Reza Faiz, Ali Kabir, Amir Baghestani, Farzaneh Mashayekhi, Farah Bokharaei-Salim, Azadeh Goodarzi,
Volume 35, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 infection is a novel virus that mainly targets the respiratory system via specific receptors without any coronavirus-targeted therapies. Many efforts have been made to prepare specific vaccines for COVID-19 or use of prefabricated vaccines of other similar viruses, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and influenza (flu). We aimed to evaluate the effects of previous flu vaccine injection on severity of incoming COVID-19 infection.
Methods: We conducted a large cross-sectional study of 529 hospitalized Iranian COVID patients to evaluate the severity of disease courses in patients with or without previous flu vaccination history using some main factors like length of hospitalization, need for the intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of stay in the ICU for comparison between COVID-19 infected patients with or without flu vaccination history. For the quantitative data, we used independent-samples t and Mann-Whitney tests. The qualitative data were calculated using the Fisher exact and chi-square tests in IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 (SPSS Inc) and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: There were no significant differences in the demographic data of patients, disease, and severity-related parameters between the 2 groups. It means that there were not any significant differences between patients with and without history of flu vaccination regarding mean days of hospitalization, percentage of needing to be admitted to the ICU, days being admitted to the ICU (8.44±6.36 vs 7.94±8.57; 17% vs 11.5%; and 1.17±3.09 vs 0.92±3.04, retrospectively) (p=0.883, 0.235, and 0.809, respectively).
In the laboratory tests, in comparison between patients with and without history of previous flu vaccination, only lymphocytes count in the vaccine positive group was higher than the vaccine negative group (20.82±11.23 vs 18.04±9.71) (p=0.067) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were higher in the vaccine negative group (146.57±109.72 vs 214.15±332.06) (p=0.006).
Conclusion: We did not find any association between flu vaccination and decrease in disease severity in our patients. It seems that patients with previous history of flu vaccination may experience less laboratory abnormalities in some parameters that could be interpreted in favor of lower overall inflammation; however, this study cannot answer this definitely because of its design. As we collected retrospective data from only alive discharged patients and had no healthy control group, we could not discuss the probable effect of the vaccine on the mortality rate or its probable protective role against the infection. We need more well-designed controlled studies with different populations in different geographic areas to address the controversies.
Kavous Shahsavarinia, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Fatemeh Sadeghi-Ghyassi, Arezou Nedayi, Alireza Razzaghi, Mahsa Zehi Saadat, Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr,
Volume 36, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Bell's palsy is a rare adverse event reported in COVID-19 vaccines. Given the importance of neurological manifestations, the necessity to highlight and scrutinize the incidence of them following COVID-19 vaccination is needed. This study aimed to systematically review the reported cases of Bell's palsy following vaccination against COVID-19.
Methods: This systematic review is conducted based on the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook and PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes) and using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews. The inclusion criteria for the included published studies were patient age ≥18 years, history of Bell's palsy after COVID-19 vaccination and established diagnosis in the patients with COVID-19 vaccination. The exclusion criteria were repeated cases and missing clinical information. The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished studies in August 2021 and updated by hand searching in May 2022 using the identified keywords and index terms in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google scholar. Finally, the reference lists of all identified reports and articles were searched for additional studies. The JBI critical appraisal tools for case reports or case series were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.
Results: During the electronic search, hand search, and reference check, we identified 1281 citations, and in hand searching, we detected additional 15 studies. After omitting duplicated citations and assessing the title, abstract, and full text 15 case-report and two case-series studies were included for the critical appraisal process and were included in this study. Pfizer and Moderna vaccines were the most common vaccines among articles that reported the cases of Bell’s palsy. Left-sided paralysis was more common than right-sided paralysis. The interval between receiving the vaccine and the onset of facial weakness was between 1 and 48 days.
Conclusion: Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to assess the association between Bell's palsy and the dose-response of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Nader Tavakoli, Nahid Nafissi, Sima Shokri, Morteza Fallahpour, Sanaz Soleimani, Taghi Riahi, Saeed Kalantari, Azadeh Goodarzi, Rohollah Valizadeh,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: Clinical trials were conducted on children on side effects after vaccination. We tried to assess the frequency and onset of the main symptoms in children who were vaccinated. We aimed to evaluate early and delayed adverse effects after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among Iranian pediatrics and adolescents in a national survey.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included people <18 years who received the Soberana (PastoCoVac) and Sinopharm vaccines since 2021. The basic information was gender, age, type of vaccine, and reaction after vaccination besides the main events that occurred for them. The required data were collected via a predetermined checklist by trained interviewers through phone calls by their parents or legal guardians. The independent t test and Fisher exact test were used. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: A total of 11,042 participants (age range, 10-18 years) consisting of 5374 boys (47.8%) and 5768 girls (52.2%) were studied and 88.1% of the children (n = 9727) were vaccinated by Sinopharm and 11.9% (n = 1315) by Soberana. The data of kidney-related side effects had delayed improvement of side effects after the Sinopharm compared with the Soberana vaccines (P = 0.012). Cardiovascular and hematological side effects showed early-onset (P = 0.006) and delayed improvement of side effects (P = 0.002) after the Soberana vaccine compared with the Sinopharm vaccine. Neurological side effects showed delayed improvement of side effects after the Soberana vaccine compared with the Sinopharm vaccine (P = 0.027). Joint-related side effects showed early-onset (P = 0.004) and delayed improvement of side effects (P = 0.023) after the Soberana vaccine compared with the Sinopharm vaccine. Respiratory side effects showed delayed improvement of side effects after the Soberana vaccine compared with the Sinopharm vaccine (P = 0.013), and dermatological side effects showed early-onset (P = 0.050) and delayed improvement of side effects (P = 0.035) after the Soberana vaccine compared with the Sinopharm vaccine. There was not any statistically significant difference regarding gastrointestinal side effects between the 2 vaccines (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The cardiovascular and hematological, joint-related (non-neurologic musculoskeletal) and dermatological side effects after the Soberana vaccine appear earlier and end later compared with the Sinopharm vaccine. Improvement of renal side effects in the Sinopharm vaccine group and improvement of neurological and respiratory side effects in the Soberana vaccine group occurred with delay compared with other vaccines.
Sahar Sotoodeh Ghorbani, Niloufar Taherpour, Elham Rahimi, Kosar Farhadi Babadi, Rezvan Feyzi, Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: Pregnant women infected with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the only real preventive strategy against COVID-19 is mass vaccination. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of Covid-19 vaccination in pregnant women.
Methods: A combination of search terms was performed by 2 researchers independently in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, the World Health Organization website, and the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) website up to February 2022. After the selection of eligible studies, the review process, description, and summarization of the selected studies were performed by the research team.
Results: Finally, 22 articles were included in this study. Evidence supports the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. There is no risk of transmitting COVID-19 to infants during lactation. In addition, antibodies made by vaccination can protect infants through breast milk.
Conclusion: The scientific community believes that being vaccinated as soon as possible is the best course of action because there is no evidence to suggest that the COVID-19 vaccine poses a risk to expectant or nursing women.
Denise Faustman, Willem Kuhtreiber,
Volume 37, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
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