Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Thu, Nov 21, 2024
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Volume 34, Issue 1 (2-2020)
Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020 |
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Pezeshki-Nia S, Asle-Rousta M, Mahmazi S. Spinacia oleracea L. extract attenuates hippocampal expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34 (1) :68-73
URL: http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5229-en.html
URL: http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5229-en.html
Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran , mrousta@iauz.ac.ir
Abstract: (2240 Views)
Background: Restraint stress causes inflammation in nervous system that leads to emersion of neurodegenerative diseases. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) contains different agents with antioxidant, antiapoptosis, and hepatoprotective properties. This study examined the effect of spinach hydroalcoholic extract (SHE) on TNF-α and IL-1β expression in hippocampus of male Wistar rats exposed to chronic restraint stress.
Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups of 5: (1) control (intact); (2) nS-S200; (3) nS-S400; (4) stress; (5) stress-S200; (6) stress-S400. Groups 2 and 3 and groups 5 and 6 received S. oleracea leaf hydroalcoholic extract in 200 and 400 mg/kg doses for 21 consecutive days by gavage. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were put in a restrainer 6 hours per day for 21 consecutive days. Then, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNAs and neuronal death in the hippocampus of rats were assessed by real time PCR and Nissl staining, respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed that the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was increased in hippocampus of rats exposed to stress compared to control groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, the expression of these proinflammatory cytokines was decreased in the stress-S200 and stress-S400 groups when compared to stress group (p<0.001). Immobility also caused neuronal death in CA1 region of hippocampus, and SHE reduced damage in CA1 pyramidal neurons layer in stressed rats.
Conclusion: Spinach decreases neuroinflammation in hippocampus of stressed rats, which may be due to its abundant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phytochemicals. The results of this study suggest that spinach may be effective in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups of 5: (1) control (intact); (2) nS-S200; (3) nS-S400; (4) stress; (5) stress-S200; (6) stress-S400. Groups 2 and 3 and groups 5 and 6 received S. oleracea leaf hydroalcoholic extract in 200 and 400 mg/kg doses for 21 consecutive days by gavage. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were put in a restrainer 6 hours per day for 21 consecutive days. Then, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNAs and neuronal death in the hippocampus of rats were assessed by real time PCR and Nissl staining, respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed that the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was increased in hippocampus of rats exposed to stress compared to control groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, the expression of these proinflammatory cytokines was decreased in the stress-S200 and stress-S400 groups when compared to stress group (p<0.001). Immobility also caused neuronal death in CA1 region of hippocampus, and SHE reduced damage in CA1 pyramidal neurons layer in stressed rats.
Conclusion: Spinach decreases neuroinflammation in hippocampus of stressed rats, which may be due to its abundant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phytochemicals. The results of this study suggest that spinach may be effective in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Type of Study: Original Research |
Subject:
Physiology
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