Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI)
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Mon, Jun 1, 2026
[Archive]
Volume 40, Issue 1 (1-2026)
Med J Islam Repub Iran 2026 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rahimi E, Saed L, Moghimi N, Derakhshan S, Modaresi P, Baghi N. Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Risk of Diabetes and Prediabetes Two Years Post-COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2026; 40 (1) :205-212
URL: http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-9747-en.html
URL: http://mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-9747-en.html
Ezatollah Rahimi 
, Lotfollah Saed , Nasrin Moghimi , Solmaz Derakhshan , Parisa Modaresi , Narmin Baghi
, Lotfollah Saed , Nasrin Moghimi , Solmaz Derakhshan , Parisa Modaresi , Narmin Baghi
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran , narminbaghi69@gmail.com
Abstract: (111 Views)
Background: Post-COVID-19 metabolic complications, such as diabetes, are linked to systemic inflammation. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) may help predict these outcomes; however, evidence from non-Western populations remains limited.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 2,060 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 2020 in Iran were followed for two years. SII was calculated and categorized as normal or elevated. The incidence of diabetes and prediabetes was assessed using fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c levels. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between SII and metabolic outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders.
Results: Among participants, 73.4% remained normoglycemic, 7.5% developed prediabetes, and 19.1% developed diabetes. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant but modest positive association between SII and FBS levels (β = 0.018; 95% CI: 0.004–0.032; P = 0.011). Other inflammatory markers showed no significant associations.
Conclusion: Elevated SII was modestly associated with higher fasting blood sugar levels two years after COVID-19 infection. Although the effect size was small, these findings suggest that systemic inflammation may play a role in long-term glycemic dysregulation, underscoring the importance of metabolic follow-up in individuals with heightened post-COVID inflammatory profiles.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 2,060 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 2020 in Iran were followed for two years. SII was calculated and categorized as normal or elevated. The incidence of diabetes and prediabetes was assessed using fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c levels. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between SII and metabolic outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders.
Results: Among participants, 73.4% remained normoglycemic, 7.5% developed prediabetes, and 19.1% developed diabetes. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant but modest positive association between SII and FBS levels (β = 0.018; 95% CI: 0.004–0.032; P = 0.011). Other inflammatory markers showed no significant associations.
Conclusion: Elevated SII was modestly associated with higher fasting blood sugar levels two years after COVID-19 infection. Although the effect size was small, these findings suggest that systemic inflammation may play a role in long-term glycemic dysregulation, underscoring the importance of metabolic follow-up in individuals with heightened post-COVID inflammatory profiles.
Policy Review: Original Research: Clinical Science |
Subject:
Internal Medicine
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
